Naidoo Lisa, Arumugam Thilona, Ramsuran Veron
School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Infect Dis Rep. 2024 Apr 18;16(2):380-406. doi: 10.3390/idr16020029.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has left a devasting effect on various regions globally. Africa has exceptionally high rates of other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, and was not impacted by COVID-19 to the extent of other continents Globally, COVID-19 has caused approximately 7 million deaths and 700 million infections thus far. COVID-19 disease severity and susceptibility vary among individuals and populations, which could be attributed to various factors, including the viral strain, host genetics, environment, lifespan, and co-existing conditions. Host genetics play a substantial part in COVID-19 disease severity among individuals. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) was previously been shown to be very important across host immune responses against viruses. HLA has been a widely studied gene region for various disease associations that have been identified. HLA proteins present peptides to the cytotoxic lymphocytes, which causes an immune response to kill infected cells. The HLA molecule serves as the central region for infectious disease association; therefore, we expect HLA disease association with COVID-19. Therefore, in this narrative review, we look at the HLA gene region, particularly, HLA class I, to understand its role in COVID-19 disease.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）给全球各个地区都带来了毁灭性影响。非洲存在结核病（TB）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和疟疾等其他传染病的高发病率，且未像其他各大洲那样受到COVID-19的严重冲击。在全球范围内，截至目前，COVID-19已导致约700万人死亡，7亿人感染。COVID-19的疾病严重程度和易感性在个体和人群中各不相同，这可能归因于多种因素，包括病毒株、宿主基因、环境、寿命以及并存疾病等。宿主基因在个体的COVID-19疾病严重程度中起着重要作用。人类白细胞抗原（HLA）此前已被证明在宿主针对病毒的免疫反应中非常重要。HLA是一个已被广泛研究的基因区域，与多种已确定的疾病关联相关。HLA蛋白将肽呈递给细胞毒性淋巴细胞，从而引发免疫反应以杀死被感染的细胞。HLA分子是传染病关联的核心区域；因此，我们预期HLA与COVID-19存在疾病关联。所以，在这篇叙述性综述中，我们着眼于HLA基因区域，特别是HLA I类，以了解其在COVID-19疾病中的作用。
