Benjakul Soottawat, Pomtong Saowakon, Chedosama Afeefah, Saetang Jirakrit, Sookchoo Pornsatit, Nilsuwan Krisana
International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Bio-Based Materials and Packaging Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Foods. 2024 Apr 20;13(8):1261. doi: 10.3390/foods13081261.
Pre-cooked bone is a waste product generated during tuna processing and can serve as a potential source of biocalcium (BC). Generally, non-collagenous protein and fat must be removed properly from bone. A NaCl solution can be used to remove such proteins, while fish lipase can be used in a green process, instead of solvent, for fat removal. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of NaCl pretreatment at different concentrations in combination with heat to eliminate non-collagenous proteins, and to implement fish lipase treatments at varying levels for fat removal, for BC production from pre-cooked tuna bone. Optimal NaCl pretreatment of bone was achieved when a 5% NaCl solution at 80 °C was used for 150 min. The lowest lipid content was obtained for bone defatted with crude lipase extract (CLE) at 0.30 Unit/g of bone powder for 2 h. BC powder from bone defatted with CLE (DF-BC) possessed greater contents of ash, calcium, and phosphorus and smaller particle sizes than the control BC powder. X-ray diffractograms suggested that both BC powders consisted of hydroxyapatite as a major compound, which had a crystallinity of 62.92-63.07%. An elemental profile confirmed the presence of organic and inorganic matter. Thus, BC powder could be produced from pre-cooked tuna bone using this 'green process'.
预煮鱼骨是金枪鱼加工过程中产生的一种废弃物，可作为生物钙（BC）的潜在来源。一般来说，必须从鱼骨中适当去除非胶原蛋白和脂肪。氯化钠溶液可用于去除此类蛋白质，而鱼脂肪酶可用于绿色工艺中代替溶剂去除脂肪。因此，本研究旨在探究不同浓度的氯化钠预处理与加热相结合对消除非胶原蛋白的影响，并采用不同水平的鱼脂肪酶处理去除脂肪，以便从预煮金枪鱼骨中生产生物钙。当在80℃下使用5%的氯化钠溶液处理150分钟时，可实现对鱼骨的最佳氯化钠预处理。用粗脂肪酶提取物（CLE）以0.30单位/克骨粉的用量处理2小时，得到的脱脂鱼骨脂质含量最低。与对照生物钙粉末相比，用CLE脱脂的鱼骨（DF-BC）制成的生物钙粉末灰分、钙和磷含量更高，粒径更小。X射线衍射图表明，两种生物钙粉末均以羟基磷灰石为主要成分，结晶度为62.92-63.07%。元素分析证实了有机和无机物的存在。因此，采用这种“绿色工艺”可从预煮金枪鱼骨中生产生物钙粉末。
