Kuipers Sonja, Castelein Stynke, Kronenberg Linda, Veer Job van 't, Boonstra Nynke
Research Group Healthcare & Innovation in Psychiatry, Department of Healthcare, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Rengerslaan 8-10, 8900 CG Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Department of Experimental Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Apr 17;21(4):492. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21040492.
Patients with psychotic disorders frequently report oral health problems, while mental health nurses (MHNs) seem not to be fully aware of these problems and the risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to develop supportive tools for MHNs regarding oral health to increase sensitisation among MHNs and provide MHNs with the knowledge to recognise (potential) oral health problems in patients with a psychotic disorder. We used a human-centred design in which the user, MHNs and experts by experience were placed at the centre of the research process. Problems and needs in MHNs working with patients with a psychotic disorder were addressed. To identify key issues of problems as well as needs in terms of resources, we started with focus groups ( = 9). We analysed the data thematically based on the context of patients and MHNs in practice regarding oral health, preferred oral health tools focused on MHNs, and the intended outcomes of tools. A multi-criteria decision matrix was developed and analysed ( = 9) to identify the most optimal and viable solution based on established criteria and issues that are prevalent in the work of MHNs. The most promising result was the development of a brochure with an awareness screener. The brochure with the awareness screener was developed as a low-fidelity prototype for MHNs regarding oral health in patients with a psychotic disorder based on the latest scientific evidence. After testing it, the feasibility was tested through semi-structured interviews ( = 19). MHNs and experts by experience were satisfied with the tool and provided recommendations for adjustments to the content. Significant augmentations to the brochure included a clinical lesson and a toothbrush with toothpaste for patients. We can conclude that a brochure with an awareness screener is feasible for MHNs. Future steps aiming to further refine and optimise care processes for oral health tools in MHNs should take refining eligibility criteria for psychiatric populations and the language level of the target group of a tool into account.
患有精神障碍的患者经常报告口腔健康问题，而心理健康护士（MHNs）似乎并未充分意识到这些问题及风险因素。因此，本研究旨在开发针对MHNs的口腔健康支持工具，以提高MHNs的认知，并为他们提供识别精神障碍患者（潜在）口腔健康问题的知识。我们采用了以人为本的设计，将用户、MHNs和经验丰富的专家置于研究过程的中心。探讨了MHNs在为患有精神障碍的患者提供护理时遇到的问题和需求。为了确定问题的关键要点以及资源方面的需求，我们首先开展了焦点小组讨论（n = 9）。我们根据患者和MHNs在口腔健康实际护理中的情况、针对MHNs的首选口腔健康工具以及工具的预期效果，对数据进行了主题分析。开发并分析了一个多标准决策矩阵（n = 9），以根据MHNs工作中普遍存在的既定标准和问题，确定最优化且可行的解决方案。最有前景的成果是开发了一本带有认知筛查器的宣传册。基于最新科学证据，为MHNs制作了一本针对患有精神障碍患者口腔健康的带有认知筛查器的宣传册作为低保真原型。在对其进行测试后，通过半结构化访谈（n = 19）检验了其可行性。MHNs和经验丰富的专家对该工具感到满意，并就内容调整提出了建议。宣传册的重大扩充内容包括为患者提供的临床课程和一支配有牙膏的牙刷。我们可以得出结论，一本带有认知筛查器的宣传册对MHNs来说是可行的。未来旨在进一步完善和优化MHNs口腔健康工具护理流程的步骤，应考虑完善精神疾病人群的入选标准以及工具目标群体的语言水平。
