D'Angelo Angela, Vitiello Livio, Lixi Filippo, Abbinante Giulia, Coppola Alessia, Gagliardi Vincenzo, Pellegrino Alfonso, Giannaccare Giuseppe
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, NA, Italy.
Eye Unit, "Luigi Curto" Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Apr 11;13(8):2214. doi: 10.3390/jcm13082214.
In recent years, researchers have been interested in neuroprotective therapies as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders by shielding the brain system from harmful events. Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from glaucoma, an ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal damage, and consequent visual loss. The pathology's molecular cause is still mostly unknown, and the current treatments are not able to alter the disease's natural progression. Thus, the modern approach to treating glaucoma consists of prescribing medications with neuroprotective properties, in line with the treatment strategy suggested for other neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, several naturally derived compounds, including nicotinamide and citicoline, have been studied throughout time to try to improve glaucoma management by exploiting their neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this review is to examine the naturally derived compounds that are currently utilized in clinical practice for neuroprotection in glaucomatous patients based on scientific data, emphasizing these compounds' pivotal mechanism of action as well as their proven therapeutic and neuroprotective benefits.
近年来，研究人员对神经保护疗法很感兴趣，这是一种前沿的治疗策略，通过保护大脑系统免受有害事件的影响来治疗神经退行性疾病。全球数以百万计的人患有青光眼，这是一种眼部神经退行性疾病，其特征是视神经乳头逐渐凹陷、视网膜轴突损伤以及随之而来的视力丧失。该疾病的分子病因仍大多未知，目前的治疗方法无法改变疾病的自然进程。因此，现代治疗青光眼的方法包括开具具有神经保护特性的药物，这与针对其他神经退行性疾病建议的治疗策略一致。出于这个原因，一直以来人们研究了几种天然衍生化合物，包括烟酰胺和胞磷胆碱，试图通过利用它们的神经保护特性来改善青光眼的治疗。这篇综述的目的是根据科学数据，研究目前在临床实践中用于青光眼患者神经保护的天然衍生化合物，强调这些化合物的关键作用机制以及已证实的治疗和神经保护益处。
