Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2806:19-30. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_3.
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), established by implanting patient tumor cells into immunodeficient mice, offer a platform for faithfully replicating human tumors. They closely mimic the histopathology, genomics, and drug sensitivity of patient tumors. This chapter highlights the versatile applications of PDXs, including studying tumor biology, metastasis, and chemoresistance, as well as their use in biomarker identification, drug screening, and personalized medicine. It also addresses challenges in using PDXs in cancer research, including variations in metastatic potential, lengthy establishment timelines, stromal changes, and limitations in immunocompromised models. Despite these challenges, PDXs remain invaluable tools guiding patient treatment and advancing preclinical drug development.
患者来源异种移植（PDXs），通过将患者肿瘤细胞植入免疫缺陷小鼠中建立，为忠实地复制人类肿瘤提供了一个平台。它们非常类似于患者肿瘤的组织病理学、基因组学和药物敏感性。本章重点介绍了 PDXs 的多种应用，包括研究肿瘤生物学、转移和化疗耐药性，以及它们在生物标志物鉴定、药物筛选和个性化医学中的应用。它还讨论了在癌症研究中使用 PDXs 面临的挑战，包括转移潜力的变化、漫长的建立时间、基质变化和免疫缺陷模型的局限性。尽管存在这些挑战，但 PDXs 仍然是指导患者治疗和推进临床前药物开发的宝贵工具。
