Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May;268(Pt 2):131823. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131823. Epub 2024 Apr 25.
Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer, has gained recognition in the discipline of dental implantology due to possessing salient properties. This comprehensive review explores the potential of chitosan in dental implants, focusing on its biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the various chitosan-based materials that have been utilized for dental implant therapy. The review also highlights the importance of surface treatment in dental implants to enhance osseointegration and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Additionally, the chemical structure, properties, and sources of chitosan are described, along with its different structural forms. The characteristics of chitosan particularly color, molecular weight, viscosity, and degree of deacetylation are discussed about their influence on its applications. This review provides valuable insights into the promising utilization of polymeric chitosan in enhancing the success and functionality of dental implants. This study highlights the potential applications of chitosan in oral implantology. Chitosan possesses various advantageous properties, including muco-adhesiveness, hemostatic action, biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities, which enhance its uses in dental implantology. However, it has limited aqueous solubility at the physiological pH, which sometimes restricts its biological application, but this problem can be overcome by using modified chitosan or chitosan derivatives, which have also shown encouraging results. Recent research suggests that chitosan may act as a promising material for coating titanium-based implants, improving osteointegration together with antibacterial properties.
壳聚糖是一种用途广泛的生物聚合物，由于具有显著的特性，在牙科植入物领域得到了认可。本综述探讨了壳聚糖在牙科植入物中的潜力，重点介绍了其生物相容性、生物活性以及用于牙科植入物治疗的各种壳聚糖基材料。该综述还强调了表面处理在牙科植入物中的重要性，以增强骨整合并抑制细菌生物膜的形成。此外，还描述了壳聚糖的化学结构、性质和来源，以及其不同的结构形式。讨论了壳聚糖的特性，特别是颜色、分子量、粘度和脱乙酰度，及其对应用的影响。本综述为在增强牙科植入物的成功和功能方面利用聚合壳聚糖提供了有价值的见解。本研究强调了壳聚糖在口腔种植学中的潜在应用。壳聚糖具有多种有益特性，如黏膜附着性、止血作用、生物相容性、可生物降解性、生物活性以及抗菌和抗真菌活性，这增强了其在牙科植入物中的应用。然而，它在生理 pH 值下的水溶性有限，这有时会限制其生物学应用，但通过使用改性壳聚糖或壳聚糖衍生物可以克服这个问题，这些衍生物也显示出了令人鼓舞的结果。最近的研究表明，壳聚糖可能是一种很有前途的钛基植入物涂层材料，具有改善骨整合和抗菌性能的潜力。
