Tanko Naanlep Matthew, Pignatelli Massimo, DeFrances Marie C, Dhir Rajiv
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Clinical Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology and Genetics, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Acad Pathol. 2024 Apr 17;11(2):100121. doi: 10.1016/j.acpath.2024.100121. eCollection 2024 Apr-Jun.
In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, newly independent Kazakhstan faced challenges of a healthcare system in transition. Anatomic pathology practice remains one of the least developed medical specialties in Kazakhstan. Acute shortage of pathologists is a universal phenomenon. There is no subspecialty pathology practice as yet. Residency programs in anatomic pathology are found only in a few tertiary health institutions in the big cities. Nazarbayev University School of Medicine was established in 2015 to reform medical education in Kazakhstan. Prior to this time, in 2010, Nazarbayev University was established to lead higher education reforms in the country. Each school in Nazarbayev University was paired with an international partner to jump-start its trajectory to excellence. Establishing a new residency program in anatomic pathology based on a western pedagogy was a new innovation that needed multi-level stakeholder consultation and support. In partnership with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and its hospital system, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, we established the first residency program in anatomic pathology based on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education International standards in Central Asia. We have identified 5 strategic approaches that led to our rapid success, including targeted strategic partnership; robust engagement with the local stakeholders; adoption and contextualizing of an existing pedagogy; ensuring adequate and fit-for-purpose infrastructure; and organizational restructuring and optimization. We hope that these suggestions will be translatable to help those facing the arduous but exciting task of establishing a new residency program from scratch.
1991年，苏联解体后，新独立的哈萨克斯坦面临着医疗体系转型的挑战。解剖病理学实践在哈萨克斯坦仍然是最不发达的医学专业之一。病理学家严重短缺是一个普遍现象。目前还没有亚专业病理学实践。解剖病理学住院医师培训项目仅在大城市的少数几家三级医疗机构中存在。纳扎尔巴耶夫大学医学院于2015年成立，旨在改革哈萨克斯坦的医学教育。在此之前，2010年，纳扎尔巴耶夫大学成立，引领该国的高等教育改革。纳扎尔巴耶夫大学的每一所学院都与一个国际合作伙伴结对，以开启其追求卓越的征程。基于西方教学法建立一个新的解剖病理学住院医师培训项目是一项新的创新，需要多层次的利益相关者进行协商并提供支持。我们与匹兹堡大学医学院及其医院系统匹兹堡大学医学中心合作，在中亚地区建立了第一个基于毕业后医学教育认证委员会国际标准的解剖病理学住院医师培训项目。我们确定了5条促成我们迅速取得成功的战略方针，包括有针对性的战略伙伴关系；与当地利益相关者的积极互动；采用现有教学法并使其适应实际情况；确保有足够且适用的基础设施；以及进行组织架构重组和优化。我们希望这些建议能够具有借鉴意义，帮助那些面临从零开始建立新的住院医师培训项目这项艰巨但令人兴奋的任务的人们。
