Karpenko O A, Syunyakov T S, Kulygina M A, Pavlichenko A V, Chetkina Anastasiya S, Andrushchenko A V
Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev.
Consort Psychiatr. 2020 Sep 2;1(1):8-20. doi: 10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-8-20.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic evoked a variety of research into the virus and its effects on mental health. A variety of mental health and psychological problems have been reported: stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, stigma, anger and fear.
To assess the level of anxiety, depression and distress in the general population during the lockdown in Russia and to reveal factors associated with distress.
An online survey was carried out from 22-27 April 2020 (the fourth week of lockdown) among the general population (mostly Moscow residents). The survey questions covered general information about people's social and demographic characteristics, experience of COVID-19, health condition (physical and mental), attitudes and views on the pandemic, and the need for psychological support. The survey included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and evaluation of the preceding week's subjective distress level using a visual numeric scale (from 0 to 10). We also asked respondents to specify the causes of distress, adopted from the WHO information sheet relating to the major psychological challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In total, 352 responses were collected (men = 74, women = 278; age (M ± SD) = 36.81 ± 11.36 y.o.).Most respondents (n = 225, 63.92%) did not have any personal experience of the coronavirus infection. Normal levels of anxiety and depression scores were prevalent in the sample. Higher than normal levels of HADS anxiety/depression ( 7 scores) were observed in 105 (29.83%) and 59 (16.76%) respondents, respectively; mean (95% CI)scores for HADS anxiety/depression were 6.23 [5.77, 6.68] /4.65 [4.22, 5.08] (women) and 4.20 [3.32, 5.09] /3.46[2.63, 4.29] (men), respectively.The leading causes of distress were: 1) the risk of financial problems in the future (n = 267, 76.3%); 2) violation of plans and the disruption to normal life (n = 235, 67.1%; and n = 240, 68.6%, respectively); 3) the health of elderly or chronically diseased relatives (n = 205, 58.6%) and 4) being in self-isolation (n = 186, 53.1%).
The level of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the study sample did not exceed the norm for the population in non-pandemic conditions. Our assessment of distress levels captured existing emotional problems, and distress levels were found to be connected with the reported need for psychological support.
2020年，新冠疫情引发了对该病毒及其对心理健康影响的各种研究。已报告了多种心理健康和心理问题：压力、焦虑、抑郁症状、失眠、否认、污名化、愤怒和恐惧。
评估俄罗斯封锁期间普通人群的焦虑、抑郁和痛苦水平，并揭示与痛苦相关的因素。
于2020年4月22日至27日（封锁的第四周）对普通人群（主要是莫斯科居民）进行了一项在线调查。调查问题涵盖了人们的社会和人口特征、新冠病毒感染经历、健康状况（身体和心理）、对疫情的态度和看法以及对心理支持的需求等一般信息。该调查包括医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS），并使用视觉数字量表（从0到10）评估前一周的主观痛苦水平。我们还要求受访者从世界卫生组织关于新冠疫情主要心理挑战的信息表中指出痛苦的原因。
共收集到352份回复（男性=74人，女性=278人；年龄（M±SD）=36.81±11.36岁）。大多数受访者（n=225，63.92%）没有新冠病毒感染的个人经历。样本中焦虑和抑郁得分处于正常水平的情况较为普遍。分别有105名（29.83%）和59名（16.76%）受访者的HADS焦虑/抑郁得分高于正常水平（≥7分）；HADS焦虑/抑郁的平均（95%CI）得分分别为6.23[5.77，6.68]/4.65[4.22，5.08]（女性）和4.20[3.32，5.09]/3.46[2.63，4.29]（男性）。痛苦的主要原因是：1）未来出现财务问题的风险（n=267，76.3%）；2）计划被打乱和正常生活受到干扰（分别为n=235，67.1%；n=240，68.6%）；3）老年或慢性病亲属的健康状况（n=205，58.6%）；4）处于自我隔离状态（n=186，53.1%）。
研究样本中新冠疫情期间的焦虑和抑郁水平未超过非疫情情况下人群的正常水平。我们对痛苦水平进行的评估捕捉到了现有的情绪问题，并且发现痛苦水平与报告的心理支持需求有关。
