State Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
Nat Commun. 2024 Apr 29;15(1):3643. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47769-5.
Planting has been widely adopted to battle the loss of salt marshes and to establish living shorelines. However, the drivers of success in salt marsh planting and their ecological effects are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we assemble a global database, encompassing 22,074 observations reported in 210 studies, to examine the drivers and impacts of salt marsh planting. We show that, on average, 53% of plantings survived globally, and plant survival and growth can be enhanced by careful design of sites, species selection, and novel planted technologies. Planting enhances shoreline protection, primary productivity, soil carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and fishery production (effect sizes = 0.61, 1.55, 0.21, 0.10 and 1.01, respectively), compared with degraded wetlands. However, the ecosystem services of planted marshes, except for shoreline protection, have not yet fully recovered compared with natural wetlands (effect size = -0.25, 95% CI -0.29, -0.22). Fortunately, the levels of most ecological functions related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity increase with plantation age when compared with natural wetlands, and achieve equivalence to natural wetlands after 5-25 years. Overall, our results suggest that salt marsh planting could be used as a strategy to enhance shoreline protection, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration.
种植已被广泛采用来抵御盐沼的丧失并建立活的海岸线。然而，盐沼种植的成功驱动因素及其生态影响在全球范围内还了解甚少。在这里，我们汇集了一个全球数据库，其中包含 210 项研究中报告的 22074 个观测结果，以研究盐沼种植的驱动因素和影响。我们表明，平均而言，全球有 53%的种植得以存活，而通过仔细设计场地、选择物种和采用新型种植技术，可以提高植物的成活率和生长率。与退化湿地相比，种植可增强海岸线保护、初级生产力、土壤碳储存、生物多样性保护和渔业生产（效应大小分别为 0.61、1.55、0.21、0.10 和 1.01）。然而，与自然湿地相比，除了海岸线保护之外，种植湿地的生态系统服务功能尚未完全恢复（效应大小为-0.25，95%置信区间为-0.29，-0.22）。幸运的是，与自然湿地相比，与气候变化缓解和生物多样性增加相关的大多数生态功能的水平随着种植园的年龄增长而增加，并且在 5-25 年后达到与自然湿地相当的水平。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，盐沼种植可以作为一种增强海岸线保护、生物多样性保护和碳封存的策略。
