School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Specialist Neurodevelopmental ADHD Pathway (SNAP), Cork and Kerry Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2024 Jun 10;78(7):409-416. doi: 10.1136/jech-2023-221794.
Poverty is associated with poor outcomes, yet exposure to distinct poverty trajectories in early childhood is not well understood.
To understand the prevalence of different trajectories of household poverty and their association with mid-childhood and mother indicators of physical health and psychopathology in Ireland.
We used a nationally representative, prospective cohort (Growing Up in Ireland-Infant Cohort). Household poverty included lowest third income decile, subjective poverty and material deprivation when children were aged 9 months, and 3, 5, 9 years. We used group-based multitrajectory cluster modelling to classify trajectories of poverty. Using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted with separate child and mother confounders, we assessed the association of poverty trajectories from 9 months to 9 years with child outcomes (overweight, any longstanding illness and psychopathology) at age 9 years and the same poverty trajectories over the same 9-year period with mother outcomes (overweight, any longstanding illness and depression).
Of 11 134 participants, 4 trajectories were identified: never in poverty (43.1%), material/subjective>monetary poverty (16.1%), monetary>material poverty (25.6%) and persistent poverty (15.2%). Children in persistent poverty compared with those in never in poverty experienced higher odds of being overweight at 9 years (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.70, 95% CI 1.34, 2.16), having a longstanding illness (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20, 1.91), and psychopathology (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.42, 2.99). The outcomes for primary parents (99.7% were mothers) were as follows: having higher odds of being overweight (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16, 1.92), having a longstanding illness (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.63, 2.79), and depression (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 2.54, 4.94).
Any poverty trajectory was associated with poorer psychopathology and physical well-being in late childhood for children and their mothers in Ireland.
贫困与不良结局相关，但人们对儿童早期不同贫困轨迹的暴露程度了解甚少。
了解爱尔兰不同家庭贫困轨迹的流行情况及其与儿童中期和母亲身体健康和精神病理学指标的关系。
我们使用了一个具有全国代表性的前瞻性队列（爱尔兰成长中的婴儿队列）。家庭贫困包括儿童 9 个月大时收入最低的十分之一、主观贫困和物质匮乏，以及 3、5、9 岁时的情况。我们使用基于群组的多轨迹聚类模型对贫困轨迹进行分类。使用多变量逻辑回归，通过单独的儿童和母亲混杂因素进行调整，我们评估了从 9 个月到 9 岁期间的贫困轨迹与 9 岁时儿童结局（超重、任何长期疾病和精神病理学）以及同一 9 年期间的相同贫困轨迹与母亲结局（超重、任何长期疾病和抑郁症）之间的关联。
在 11134 名参与者中，确定了 4 种轨迹：从未贫困（43.1%）、物质/主观贫困>货币贫困（16.1%）、货币贫困>物质贫困（25.6%）和持续贫困（15.2%）。与从未贫困的儿童相比，持续贫困的儿童在 9 岁时超重的可能性更高（调整后的比值比（aOR）为 1.70，95%置信区间（CI）为 1.34 至 2.16），患有长期疾病的可能性也更高（aOR 为 1.51，95%CI 为 1.20 至 1.91），精神病理学的可能性也更高（aOR 为 2.06，95%CI 为 1.42 至 2.99）。主要父母（99.7%为母亲）的结果如下：超重的可能性更高（aOR 为 1.49，95%CI 为 1.16 至 1.92），患有长期疾病的可能性更高（aOR 为 2.13，95%CI 为 1.63 至 2.79），抑郁的可能性更高（aOR 为 3.54，95%CI 为 2.54 至 4.94）。
爱尔兰任何贫困轨迹都与儿童及其母亲在儿童晚期较差的精神病理学和身体健康相关。
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