Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China.
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
Virol J. 2024 Apr 30;21(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02376-0.
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a surge in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) transmission, surpassing pre-epidemic levels. We aim to elucidate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HMPV infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
In this retrospective single-center study, participants diagnosed with laboratory confirmed HMPV infection through Targeted Next Generation Sequencing were included. The study encompassed individuals admitted to Henan Children's Hospital between April 29 and June 5, 2023. Demographic information, clinical records, and laboratory indicators were analyzed.
Between April 29 and June 5, 2023, 96 pediatric patients were identified as infected with HMPV with a median age of 33.5 months (interquartile range, 12 ~ 48 months). The majority (87.5%) of infected children were under 5 years old. Notably, severe cases were statistically younger. Predominant symptoms included fever (81.3%) and cough (92.7%), with wheezing more prevalent in the severe group (56% vs 21.1%). Coinfection with other viruses was observed in 43 patients, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (15.6%) or human rhinovirus A (HRV type A) (12.5%) being the most common. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) coinfection rate was significantly higher in the severe group (20% vs 1.4%). Bacterial coinfection occurred in 74 patients, with Haemophilus influenzae (Hin) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SNP) being the most prevalent (52.1% and 41.7%, respectively). Severe patients demonstrated evidence of multi-organ damage. Noteworthy alterations included lower concentration of IL-12p70, decreased lymphocytes percentages, and elevated B lymphocyte percentages in severe cases, with statistical significance. Moreover, most laboratory indicators exhibited significant changes approximately 4 to 5 days after onset.
Our data systemically elucidated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients with HMPV infection, which might be instructive to policy development for the prevention and control of HMPV infection and might provide important clues for future HMPV research endeavors.
在 COVID-19 大流行之后，人类偏肺病毒（HMPV）的传播呈上升趋势，超过了大流行前的水平。我们旨在阐明大流行后时代 HMPV 感染的临床和流行病学特征。
在这项回顾性单中心研究中，纳入了通过靶向下一代测序实验室确诊 HMPV 感染的参与者。该研究包括 2023 年 4 月 29 日至 6 月 5 日期间入住河南儿童医院的患者。分析了人口统计学信息、临床记录和实验室指标。
2023 年 4 月 29 日至 6 月 5 日，共发现 96 例儿童 HMPV 感染，中位年龄为 33.5 个月（四分位距，1248 个月）。大多数（87.5%）感染儿童年龄在 5 岁以下。值得注意的是，重症病例的年龄明显较小。主要症状包括发热（81.3%）和咳嗽（92.7%），重症组更常见喘息（56%比 21.1%）。43 例患者合并其他病毒感染，其中 EBV（15.6%）或 HRV 型 A（12.5%）最常见。重症组 HRSV 合并感染率明显更高（20%比 1.4%）。74 例患者合并细菌感染，其中 Hin 和 SNP 最常见（52.1%和 41.7%）。重症患者存在多器官损伤证据。值得注意的是，重症患者的 IL-12p70 浓度降低、淋巴细胞百分比减少和 B 淋巴细胞百分比升高，差异有统计学意义。此外，大多数实验室指标在发病后约 45 天出现显著变化。
本研究系统地阐明了儿童 HMPV 感染的临床和流行病学特征，这可能对 HMPV 感染的预防和控制政策制定具有指导意义，并可能为未来的 HMPV 研究提供重要线索。
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