Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 May 1;22(1):215. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02455-y.
Stem cells (SCs) have been used therapeutically for decades, yet their applications are limited by factors such as the risk of immune rejection and potential tumorigenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key paracrine component of stem cell potency, overcome the drawbacks of stem cell applications as a cell-free therapeutic agent and play an important role in treating various diseases. However, EVs derived from two-dimensional (2D) planar culture of SCs have low yield and face challenges in large-scale production, which hinders the clinical translation of EVs. Three-dimensional (3D) culture, given its ability to more realistically simulate the in vivo environment, can not only expand SCs in large quantities, but also improve the yield and activity of EVs, changing the content of EVs and improving their therapeutic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the advantages of EVs and EV-related clinical applications, provide an overview of 3D cell culture, and finally focus on specific applications and future perspectives of EVs derived from 3D culture of different SCs.
干细胞（SCs）已被用于治疗数十年，但由于免疫排斥和潜在致瘤性等因素，其应用受到限制。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是干细胞效力的关键旁分泌成分，作为一种无细胞治疗剂克服了干细胞应用的缺点，并在治疗各种疾病中发挥重要作用。然而，来源于二维（2D）平面培养的干细胞的 EVs 产量低，在大规模生产中面临挑战，这阻碍了 EVs 的临床转化。三维（3D）培养能够更真实地模拟体内环境，不仅可以大量扩增干细胞，还可以提高 EVs 的产量和活性，改变 EVs 的内容并提高其治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了 EVs 的优势及其相关的临床应用，概述了 3D 细胞培养，并最终重点介绍了不同来源的干细胞的 3D 培养衍生的 EVs 的具体应用和未来前景。
