Guye Ararso Hordofa, Hansa Kasim, Ketema Kasahun, Moroda Meseret, Shambi Dame Banti
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Anemia. 2024 Apr 24;2024:1519382. doi: 10.1155/2024/1519382. eCollection 2024.
Anemia has a negative impact on school children, including poor physical growth and reduced mental performance. Children show poor attentiveness, behavior, and memory and reduced school performance. There is limited evidence of the magnitude of anemia and associated factors in school-age children in Ethiopia, including the study area.
To assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among public elementary school children in Asella Town, Southeast Ethiopia, in 2022.
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Asella Town from April 5 to May 5, 2022. A total of 442 school children aged 7-14 years were included in the study using the multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested and semistructured questionnaire through a face-to-face interview technique. The hemoglobin concentration was determined by using the HemoCue 301+ analyzer. Anthropometric data and stool examinations were collected from participants. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6, transported, and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out. Adjusted odds ratios along with their 95% confidence interval were used, and a value of ≤0.05 was used for declaring statistical significance.
A total of 435 students with a mean age and standard deviation of 10.77 ± 2.21 years participated in the study. The magnitude of anemia was 78 (17.9%), with a 95% CI (14.3, 21.47). Of the participants, 63 (14.5%) were mild anemic and 15 (3.4%) were moderately anemic. Children whose mothers have no formal education (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.89, 8.21), underweight children (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.98, 7.40), and parasites in their stool (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.50, 9.20) were significantly associated with anemia in school-age children.
Anemia among school-age children was found to be a mild public health problem. Uneducated mothers, intestinal parasite infections, and underweight children were found to be determinants of anemia among school-age children. Health professionals should provide health education for mothers about child-feeding practices and the consumption of dietary sources of iron.
贫血对学龄儿童有负面影响，包括身体发育不良和智力表现下降。儿童注意力不集中、行为和记忆力差，学业成绩也会降低。在埃塞俄比亚包括研究区域在内的学龄儿童中，关于贫血的严重程度及其相关因素的证据有限。
评估2022年埃塞俄比亚东南部阿塞拉镇公立小学儿童贫血的严重程度及其相关因素。
2022年4月5日至5月5日在阿塞拉镇开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样方法，共纳入442名7至14岁的学龄儿童。通过面对面访谈技术，使用经过预测试的半结构化问卷收集数据。使用HemoCue 301+分析仪测定血红蛋白浓度。收集参与者的人体测量数据和粪便检查结果。数据录入EpiData 4.6版本，传输后用社会科学统计软件包26版进行分析。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。使用调整后的比值比及其95%置信区间，P值≤0.05表示具有统计学意义。
共有435名学生参与研究，平均年龄为10.77±2.21岁。贫血的严重程度为78例（17.9%），95%置信区间为（14.3，21.47）。参与者中，63例（14.5%）为轻度贫血，15例（3.4%）为中度贫血。母亲未接受过正规教育的儿童（比值比=3.94，95%置信区间：1.89，8.21）、体重不足的儿童（比值比=3.83，95%置信区间：1.98，7.40）以及粪便中有寄生虫的儿童（比值比=3.72，95%置信区间：1.50，9.20）与学龄儿童贫血显著相关。
学龄儿童贫血是一个轻度的公共卫生问题。未受过教育的母亲、肠道寄生虫感染和体重不足的儿童是学龄儿童贫血的决定因素。卫生专业人员应向母亲提供关于儿童喂养方式和铁的膳食来源摄入的健康教育。
