State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Biomed Mater. 2024 May 29;19(4). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad46d4.
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial infections are common in clinical practice. Cell membrane coating nanotechnology represents a pioneering approach for the delivery of therapeutic agents without being cleared by the immune system in the meantime. And the mechanism of infection treatment should be divided into two parts: suppression of pathogenic bacteria and suppression of excessive immune response. The membrane-coated nanoparticles exert anti-bacterial function by neutralizing exotoxins and endotoxins, and some other bacterial proteins. Inflammation, the second procedure of bacterial infection, can also be suppressed through targeting the inflamed site, neutralization of toxins, and the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. And platelet membrane can affect the complement process to suppress inflammation. Membrane-coated nanoparticles treat bacterial infections through the combined action of membranes and nanoparticles, and diagnose by imaging, forming a theranostic system. Several strategies have been discovered to enhance the anti-bacterial/anti-inflammatory capability, such as synthesizing the material through electroporation, pretreating with the corresponding pathogen, membrane hybridization, or incorporating with genetic modification, lipid insertion, and click chemistry. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the application of membrane-coated nanoparticles in preventing bacterial infections as well as addressing existing uncertainties and misconceptions.
由细菌感染引起的传染病在临床实践中很常见。细胞膜包覆纳米技术是一种开创性的方法，可以在不被免疫系统清除的情况下输送治疗剂。而感染治疗的机制应分为两部分：抑制病原菌和抑制过度免疫反应。包膜纳米粒子通过中和外毒素和内毒素以及其他一些细菌蛋白来发挥抗菌作用。炎症是细菌感染的第二道程序，也可以通过靶向炎症部位、中和毒素和抑制促炎细胞因子来抑制。血小板膜可以影响补体过程来抑制炎症。包膜纳米粒子通过膜和纳米粒子的共同作用来治疗细菌感染，并通过成像进行诊断，形成治疗诊断系统。已经发现了几种增强抗菌/抗炎能力的策略，例如通过电穿孔合成材料、用相应的病原体预处理、膜杂交或与遗传修饰、脂质插入和点击化学结合。我们旨在提供一个全面的综述，介绍细胞膜包覆纳米粒子在预防细菌感染以及解决现有不确定性和误解方面的应用。
