Yue Yaohang, Dai Wei, Wei Yihao, Cao Siyang, Liao Shuai, Li Aikang, Liu Peng, Lin Jianjing, Zeng Hui
School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Apr 18;12:1377142. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1377142. eCollection 2024.
Degenerative orthopaedic diseases pose a notable worldwide public health issue attributable to the global aging population. Conventional medical approaches, encompassing physical therapy, pharmaceutical interventions, and surgical methods, face obstacles in halting or reversing the degenerative process. In recent times, exosome-based therapy has gained widespread acceptance and popularity as an effective treatment for degenerative orthopaedic diseases. This therapeutic approach holds the potential for "cell-free" tissue regeneration. Exosomes, membranous vesicles resulting from the fusion of intracellular multivesicles with the cell membrane, are released into the extracellular matrix. Addressing challenges such as the rapid elimination of natural exosomes and the limitation of drug concentration can be effectively achieved through various strategies, including engineering modification, gene overexpression modification, and biomaterial binding. This review provides a concise overview of the source, classification, and preparation methods of exosomes, followed by an in-depth analysis of their functions and potential applications. Furthermore, the review explores various strategies for utilizing exosomes in the treatment of degenerative orthopaedic diseases, encompassing engineering modification, gene overexpression, and biomaterial binding. The primary objective is to provide a fresh viewpoint on the utilization of exosomes in addressing bone degenerative conditions and to support the practical application of exosomes in the theranosis of degenerative orthopaedic diseases.
退行性骨科疾病是一个显著的全球性公共卫生问题，这归因于全球人口老龄化。传统医学方法，包括物理治疗、药物干预和手术方法，在阻止或逆转退行性过程方面面临障碍。近年来，基于外泌体的疗法作为一种治疗退行性骨科疾病的有效方法已获得广泛认可和欢迎。这种治疗方法具有“无细胞”组织再生的潜力。外泌体是细胞内多囊泡与细胞膜融合产生的膜性囊泡，释放到细胞外基质中。通过工程修饰、基因过表达修饰和生物材料结合等各种策略，可以有效应对天然外泌体快速清除和药物浓度限制等挑战。本综述简要概述了外泌体的来源、分类和制备方法，随后深入分析了它们的功能和潜在应用。此外，该综述探讨了在外泌体治疗退行性骨科疾病中使用外泌体的各种策略，包括工程修饰、基因过表达和生物材料结合。主要目的是为外泌体在解决骨退行性疾病中的应用提供新的视角，并支持外泌体在退行性骨科疾病诊疗中的实际应用。
