School of Education, University of California, Davis, USA.
College of Education, University of Texas, Austin, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2024 Sep;53(9):1941-1952. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-01987-8. Epub 2024 May 4.
Although hate speech against Asian American youth has intensified in recent years-fueled, in part, by anti-Asian rhetoric associated with the COVID-19 pandemic-the phenomenon remains largely understudied at scale and in relation to the role of schools prior to the pandemic. This study describes the prevalence of hate speech against Asian American adolescents in the US between 2015 and 2019 and investigates how school-related factors are associated with whether Asian American youth are victims of hate speech at school. Analyses are based on a sample of 938 Asian American adolescents (M = 14.8; 48% female) from the three most recently available waves (2015, 2017, and 2019) of the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. On average, approximately 7% of Asian Americans were targets of hate speech at school between 2015 and 2019, with rates remaining stable over time. Findings also indicate that students had lower odds of experiencing hate speech if they attended schools with a stronger authoritative school climate, which is characterized by strict, yet fair disciplinary rules coupled with high levels of support from adults. On the other hand, Asian American youth faced higher odds of experiencing hate speech if they were involved in school fights. Authoritative school climate and exposure to fights are malleable and can be shaped directly by broader school climate related policies, programs and interventions. Accordingly, efforts to promote stronger authoritative climates and reduce exposure to physical fights hold considerable potential in protecting Asian American youth from hate speech at school.
尽管近年来针对亚裔美国青少年的仇恨言论有所加剧——部分原因是与 COVID-19 大流行相关的反亚裔言论——但在大流行之前，针对这一现象的大规模研究以及与学校相关的研究仍然很少。本研究描述了 2015 年至 2019 年期间美国针对亚裔美国青少年的仇恨言论的流行程度，并调查了与学校相关的因素如何与亚裔美国青少年是否成为学校仇恨言论的受害者有关。分析基于全国犯罪受害者调查中学校犯罪补充调查的三个最近可用波次（2015 年、2017 年和 2019 年）中 938 名亚裔美国青少年（M=14.8；48%为女性）的样本。平均而言，2015 年至 2019 年间，约有 7%的亚裔美国人在学校成为仇恨言论的目标，且随着时间的推移，这一比例保持稳定。研究结果还表明，如果学生就读的学校具有更强的权威学校氛围，他们遭受仇恨言论的可能性就会降低，这种氛围的特点是严格但公平的纪律规则，同时成年人提供高度支持。另一方面，如果亚裔美国青少年参与学校打架，他们遭受仇恨言论的可能性就会增加。权威的学校氛围和打架的暴露是可以改变的，可以通过更广泛的与学校氛围相关的政策、计划和干预措施直接塑造。因此，努力营造更强有力的权威氛围和减少接触身体冲突，在保护亚裔美国青少年免受学校仇恨言论方面具有很大的潜力。
