College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 123444Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Jan;38(1-2):NP1088-NP1116. doi: 10.1177/08862605221086651. Epub 2022 May 11.
While the World Health Organization advised against referring to COVID-19 using racial overtones, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread, many disparagingly called it the "Wuhan virus," the "Chinese virus," and other terms. In this context, the FBI warned police agencies about an expected increase in anti-Asian hate crimes during the early months of the pandemic. But, while some researchers and media outlets discussed these potential increases at length, very few studies have been able to directly assess the nature of anti-Asian hate and bias victimization during the pandemic. Following this, the current study directly examines variation in anti-Asian bias and victimization in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this research presents results from two studies using a survey of 3,163 non-Asian and 575 Asian American and Pacific Islander respondents, respectively. The first study examines the prevalence of anti-Asian xenophobia among the non-Asian sample and assesses differences in these prejudicial attitudes across respondent characteristics, while the second study examines variation in experiences with bias during the pandemic among the Asian sample. The results illustrate the ubiquity of anti-Asian sentiment, suggesting that those who indicate greater fear of the pandemic report more prejudicial attitudes, as well as important racial differences in these patterns. The results also demonstrate the extent to which the pandemic has impacted individual experiences with anti-Asian bias victimization, such that more than one-third of Asian respondents report bias victimization during the pandemic, and more than half of Asian respondents report that they know someone who has been victimized. These patterns have important implications for addressing COVID-19-related hate crime moving forward.
尽管世界卫生组织建议不要使用带有种族色彩的术语来指代 COVID-19，但随着 COVID-19 大流行的蔓延，许多人轻蔑地将其称为“武汉病毒”、“中国病毒”和其他术语。在这种情况下，联邦调查局警告警察机构，预计在大流行的早期几个月中，反亚裔仇恨犯罪会增加。但是，尽管一些研究人员和媒体广泛讨论了这些潜在的增加，但很少有研究能够直接评估大流行期间反亚裔仇恨和偏见受害的性质。在此之后，本研究直接考察了 COVID-19 大流行期间美国反亚裔偏见和受害的变化。具体来说，这项研究通过对 3163 名非亚裔和 575 名亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民受访者的调查，分别展示了两项研究的结果。第一项研究考察了非亚裔样本中反亚裔仇外心理的流行程度，并评估了这些偏见态度在受访者特征上的差异，而第二项研究则考察了亚裔样本中在大流行期间经历偏见的变化。结果说明了反亚裔情绪的普遍性，表明那些表示对大流行更加恐惧的人报告了更多的偏见态度，以及这些模式中的重要种族差异。结果还表明，大流行在多大程度上影响了个人遭受反亚裔偏见受害的经历，超过三分之一的亚裔受访者报告在大流行期间受到偏见的伤害，超过一半的亚裔受访者表示他们认识有人受到了伤害。这些模式对于解决未来与 COVID-19 相关的仇恨犯罪具有重要意义。
