Yoon Bora, Sa Ho-Seok, Kim Hwa Jung
Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Ophthalmology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2024 Apr 19;16:1331786. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1331786. eCollection 2024.
The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Parkinson' disease (PD) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of AMD in patients with PD, elucidate differences by age and sex, and investigate potential risk factors for AMD.
Data were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance System database, which covers 97% of the Korean population (2002 through 2019). We calculated the incidence of newly diagnosed AMD in patients with PD and used Cox proportional-hazards models to estimate risk factors for AMD, presenting adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Of 172,726 patients with PD, 15,800 were newly diagnosed with AMD during the follow-up, including 5,624 men and 10,176 women. The overall incidence of AMD in patients with PD was 13.59 per 1,000 person-years. Stratified by age group and sex, the incidence was higher in women aged 40-69, and conversely higher in men aged 70-89. Risk of AMD was high in older age groups (aHR = 4.36, 95% CI: 3.74-5.09 in the 70 s), female sex (aHR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (aHR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10-1.18), and patients with hyperlipidemia (aHR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13-1.21).
Our findings suggest that the AMD incidence is higher in patients with PD than in the general population, with varying patterns of sex differences across age groups. Particularly, old age, female sex, presence of DM, and hyperlipidemia are potential risk factors. Therefore, clinicians should pay greater attention to AMD in patients with PD.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）与帕金森病（PD）之间的关联尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估帕金森病患者中AMD的发病率，阐明年龄和性别的差异，并调查AMD的潜在危险因素。
数据来自韩国国民健康保险系统数据库，该数据库覆盖了97%的韩国人口（2002年至2019年）。我们计算了帕金森病患者中新诊断AMD的发病率，并使用Cox比例风险模型估计AMD的危险因素，给出调整后的风险比（aHR）及95%置信区间（CI）。
在172,726例帕金森病患者中，有15,800例在随访期间新诊断为AMD，其中男性5,624例，女性10,176例。帕金森病患者中AMD的总体发病率为每1000人年13.59例。按年龄组和性别分层，40 - 69岁女性的发病率较高，相反，70 - 89岁男性的发病率较高。年龄较大的年龄组（70多岁时aHR = 4.36，95% CI：3.74 - 5.09）、女性（aHR = 1.07，95% CI：1.04 - 1.11）、糖尿病（DM）患者（aHR = 1.14，95% CI：1.10 - 1.18）和高脂血症患者（aHR = 1.17，95% CI：1.13 - 1.21）患AMD的风险较高。
我们的研究结果表明，帕金森病患者中AMD的发病率高于一般人群，且各年龄组存在不同的性别差异模式。特别是，老年、女性、糖尿病和高脂血症是潜在的危险因素。因此，临床医生应更加关注帕金森病患者中的AMD。
