Schab Magdalena, Skoczen Szymon
Doctoral School of Medical and Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Front Oncol. 2024 Apr 19;14:1389657. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1389657. eCollection 2024.
During cancer treatment, nutritional status disorders such as malnutrition or obesity affect the tolerance of cancer treatment, quality of life, but also the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It is hypothesized that changes in fat and lean body mass can modify chemotherapy volume distribution, metabolism and clearance. In children with cancer, lean body mass decreases or remains low during treatment and fat mass increases. Body composition is influenced by the cancer itself, aggressive multimodal-therapies, changes in metabolism, unbalanced diet and reduced physical activity. Due to the side effects of treatment, including changes in the sense of taste and smell, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stress, eating according to recommendation for macronutrients and micronutrients is difficult. Research indicates that throughout cancer treatment, the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products tends to be insufficient, whereas there is an elevated intake of sugar and unhealthy snacks. Children exhibit a preference for high-carbohydrate, salty, and strongly flavored products. This review revealed the importance of body composition and its changes during cancer treatment in children, as well as eating habits and diet quality.
在癌症治疗期间，营养不良或肥胖等营养状况紊乱会影响癌症治疗的耐受性、生活质量，还会影响药物的药代动力学。据推测，脂肪和去脂体重的变化会改变化疗药物的分布容积、代谢和清除率。在癌症患儿中，治疗期间去脂体重会减少或维持在较低水平，而脂肪量会增加。身体成分受到癌症本身、积极的多模式治疗、代谢变化、饮食不均衡以及体力活动减少的影响。由于治疗的副作用，包括味觉和嗅觉改变、恶心、呕吐、腹泻以及压力，按照宏量营养素和微量营养素的建议进食很困难。研究表明，在整个癌症治疗过程中，水果、蔬菜和乳制品的摄入量往往不足，而糖和不健康零食的摄入量却有所增加。儿童表现出对高碳水化合物、咸味和重口味产品的偏好。这篇综述揭示了身体成分及其在儿童癌症治疗期间变化的重要性，以及饮食习惯和饮食质量的重要性。
