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“你愿意减薪吗?我们正在寻找白人。”白人身份如何影响白人、黑人及穆斯林女性“母语为英语”的英语教师。

"Would you take a pay cut? We're looking for Caucasians". How whiteness can affect White, Black and Muslim female 'native-speaker' English language teachers.

作者信息

Alqahtani Muneer Hezam

机构信息

College of Education, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Heliyon. 2024 Apr 21;10(9):e29887. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29887. eCollection 2024 May 15.

Abstract

This article sets out investigate the interrelationships between native speakerism, Whiteness, ethnicity and appearance in the TESOL context. It explores whether Whiteness plays a part in TESOL teachers' recruitment and job opportunities when employers are seeking to employ 'native speakers'. It draws its data from focus group interview data with seven female TESOL teachers. Two were White, three were Black and two were White Muslims who wear the hijab. The findings show that when English language teaching job advertisements call for 'native speaker' teachers, recruiters are-consciously or unconsciously-looking for White teachers from ex-colonising countries such as the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand whom they perceive as representing Whiteness. In this sense, Whiteness is inextricably linked to the concepts of the 'native speaker' and 'native speakerism' in English language teaching. The study concludes that native speakerism acts a veiled façade for Whiteness and consequently that White TESOL native speaker teachers are privileged over their Black and Muslim counterparts in a number of areas. These include: pay, objectification, acknowledgement of their professional achievements and visibility in advertising materials aimed at prospective students and their parents. The paper concludes with a call to confront such often-unacknowledged bias in favour of Whiteness by establishing open conversations with recruiters, parents, students and others involved in the TESOL field. It also recommends that countries should follow the European Union's lead and ban any language teaching job criteria that state a 'native speaker' requirement.

摘要

本文旨在研究在对外英语教学(TESOL)背景下,母语者至上主义、白人身份、种族和外貌之间的相互关系。它探讨了在雇主寻求雇佣“母语者”时,白人身份在TESOL教师招聘和工作机会中是否起作用。其数据来源于对七名女性TESOL教师的焦点小组访谈数据。其中两名是白人,三名是黑人,两名是戴头巾的白人穆斯林。研究结果表明,当英语教学招聘广告要求“母语者”教师时,招聘人员有意或无意地在寻找来自美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰等前殖民国家的白人教师,他们认为这些人代表着白人身份。从这个意义上说,白人身份与英语教学中“母语者”和“母语者至上主义”的概念有着千丝万缕的联系。该研究得出结论,母语者至上主义是白人身份的一种隐蔽表象,因此,白人TESOL母语教师在许多方面比他们的黑人和穆斯林同行享有特权。这些方面包括:薪酬、物化、对其专业成就的认可,以及在面向潜在学生及其家长的广告材料中的曝光度。本文最后呼吁通过与招聘人员、家长、学生以及其他参与TESOL领域的人员进行公开对话,来直面这种常常未被承认的对白人身份的偏袒。它还建议各国应效仿欧盟,禁止任何规定“母语者”要求的语言教学工作标准。

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本文引用的文献

1
Qualitative research. Introducing focus groups.定性研究。引入焦点小组。
BMJ. 1995 Jul 29;311(7000):299-302. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299.

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