Jalali Chimeh Fatemeh, Aghaie Elham, Ghavi Saeed, Fatahnia Rangin
Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2024 Mar 28;15:15. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_22. eCollection 2024.
Growing the human brain requires all necessary nutrients to form and maintain, so the development of cognitive functions of infants and children depends on adequate nutrition. Children whose mothers had inadequate nutrition are at high risk for cognitive dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to review the studies conducted on "the relationship between nutrient intake during pregnancy and the development of cognitive functions in toddlers". The present study was conducted by systematic review method using PRISMA checklist items.
To conduct this study, the keywords "maternal nutrition", "pregnancy diet", "pregnancy supplement", "IQ", "intelligence quotient", "neurodevelopment", "cognitive function", "toddler", "early years" and "infant" were searched based on the Mesh database in scientific databases including Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct to find articles related to the effect of nutrition during pregnancy on the development of the cognitive function of toddlers and its components in Persian and English. Finally, 17 articles were selected for review in this study.
The results showed that taking a supplement of iron, saturated fatty acids, vitamins B and D, and folic acid improved the cognitive functions of toddlers. On the other hand, taking supplements containing iodine and zinc had no significant effect on the development of cognitive functions. Diets containing seafood during pregnancy had a beneficial effect on the cognitive functions of children.
The study results highlighted the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and showed that maternal nutrition played an important role in the development of cognitive functions of toddlers.
人类大脑的发育需要所有必要的营养物质来形成和维持，因此婴幼儿认知功能的发展取决于充足的营养。母亲营养不足的儿童出现认知功能障碍的风险很高。本研究的目的是综述关于“孕期营养摄入与幼儿认知功能发展之间的关系”的研究。本研究采用系统评价方法，使用PRISMA清单项目进行。
为开展本研究，基于医学主题词表（Mesh）数据库，在包括Scopus、伊朗科学信息数据库（SID）、谷歌学术、PubMed和科学直投等科学数据库中搜索关键词“孕产妇营养”“孕期饮食”“孕期补充剂”“智商”“智力商数”“神经发育”“认知功能”“幼儿”“早年”和“婴儿”，以查找波斯语和英语中关于孕期营养对幼儿认知功能发展及其组成部分影响的相关文章。最终，本研究选择了17篇文章进行综述。
结果表明，补充铁、饱和脂肪酸、维生素B和D以及叶酸可改善幼儿的认知功能。另一方面，补充含碘和锌的补充剂对认知功能的发展没有显著影响。孕期食用含海鲜的饮食对儿童的认知功能有有益影响。
研究结果突出了孕期充足营养的重要性，并表明孕产妇营养在幼儿认知功能发展中起着重要作用。
