Siu Winnie, Sinilaite Angela, Papenburg Jesse
Centre for Immunization Programs, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2024 Apr 30;50(3-4):86-92. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v50i34a01.
Seasonal influenza infection can lead to serious complications and adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals, the developing fetus and infants younger than six months of age. This supplemental statement provides an evidence summary on the safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccination in pregnant individuals, and the benefits and risks to the pregnant person, the developing fetus and infants younger than six months of age.
A systematic review was conducted on the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination in pregnancy. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)'s evidence-based process was used to assess the quality of eligible studies, summarize and analyze the findings, and apply an ethics, equity, feasibility and acceptability lens to develop recommendations.
The evidence suggests that influenza vaccination during pregnancy is effective in reducing the risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection and hospitalization in both pregnant individuals and their infants up to six months postpartum. The evidence also suggests that influenza vaccination during pregnancy does not increase the risk of non-obstetric serious adverse events in pregnant persons, infant death, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight and congenital anomalies.
Based on this body of evidence, NACI reaffirms the safety and importance of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. NACI recommends that individuals at any stage of pregnancy should receive an age-appropriate inactivated, unadjuvanted or recombinant influenza vaccine each influenza season. Influenza vaccination may be given at the same time as, or at any time before or after administration of another vaccine, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or pertussis vaccines.
季节性流感感染可给孕妇、发育中的胎儿以及6个月以下婴儿带来严重并发症和不良后果。本补充声明提供了关于孕妇接种流感疫苗的安全性和有效性，以及对孕妇、发育中的胎儿和6个月以下婴儿的益处和风险的证据总结。
对孕期接种流感疫苗的有效性和安全性进行了系统评价。采用国家免疫咨询委员会（NACI）基于证据的流程来评估符合条件的研究质量，总结和分析研究结果，并从伦理、公平、可行性和可接受性角度提出建议。
证据表明，孕期接种流感疫苗可有效降低孕妇及其产后6个月内婴儿实验室确诊流感感染和住院的风险。证据还表明，孕期接种流感疫苗不会增加孕妇非产科严重不良事件、婴儿死亡、自然流产、死产、早产、小于胎龄儿、低出生体重和先天性异常的风险。
基于这些证据，NACI重申孕期接种流感疫苗的安全性和重要性。NACI建议孕期任何阶段的孕妇在每个流感季节都应接种适合其年龄的灭活、无佐剂或重组流感疫苗。流感疫苗可与其他疫苗同时接种，或在接种其他疫苗之前或之后的任何时间接种，包括2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗或百日咳疫苗。
