Borysiuk Zbigniew, Konieczny Mariusz, Błaszczyszyn Monika, Błach Wiesław, Obmiński Zbigniew
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
Wroclaw University of Health and Sports Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Apr 25;6:1387013. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1387013. eCollection 2024.
The aim of the study was to determine the structure of muscular activity and ground reaction forces during the preparatory period and the execution of a fencing lunge at the opponent's torso. The analysis focused on the correlations between three phases of a fencing technical action in the context of factors of temporal anticipation.
Six female épée fencers from the Polish National Fencing Team participated in the study. The research tools included electromyography (EMG), ground reaction force (GRF) platforms, and the OptiTrack motion capture system. The fencers performed the lunge three times in response to visual cues from the coach. By integrating the testing system, the EMG signal indices of the fencers' upper and lower limbs and the vertical force values of the fencers' front and rear leg muscles were obtained simultaneously.
The results of the study demonstrated the key role of five muscles: BICEPS BRACHII, LAT TRICEPS, EXTCARP RAD, BICEPS FEMORIS and MED GAS in influencing the speed of lunge execution. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the EMG signal of the gastrocnemius muscle of the rear leg and the movement time (MT) phase of the lunge execution.
The anticipatory activation of the EMG signal in relation to the vertical force waveforms generated by the ground forces response platform in the 15-30 ms interval was demonstrated. Finally, the importance of the preparatory period for the effectiveness of the fencing lunge was highlighted based on the phenomenon of anticipation.
本研究的目的是确定在准备阶段以及向对手躯干进行击剑弓步冲刺动作的执行过程中肌肉活动的结构和地面反作用力。分析聚焦于击剑技术动作三个阶段之间在时间预期因素背景下的相关性。
来自波兰国家击剑队的六名女子重剑运动员参与了本研究。研究工具包括肌电图（EMG）、地面反作用力（GRF）平台和OptiTrack动作捕捉系统。击剑运动员根据教练的视觉提示进行三次弓步冲刺。通过整合测试系统，同时获取了击剑运动员上肢和下肢的肌电信号指标以及前后腿部肌肉的垂直力值。
研究结果表明，肱二头肌、肱三头肌外侧头、桡侧腕短伸肌、股二头肌和腓肠肌内侧头这五块肌肉在影响弓步冲刺执行速度方面起关键作用。此外，还发现后腿腓肠肌的肌电信号与弓步冲刺执行的运动时间（MT）阶段之间存在显著相关性。
证明了在15 - 30毫秒间隔内，肌电信号相对于地面力响应平台产生的垂直力波形的预期激活。最后，基于预期现象强调了准备阶段对击剑弓步冲刺有效性的重要性。
