Hagemann Norbert, Schorer Jörg, Cañal-Bruland Rouwen, Lotz Simone, Strauss Bernd
University of Kassel, Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34109 Kassel, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Nov;72(8):2204-14. doi: 10.3758/bf03196695.
The present study examined whether results of athletes' eye movements while they observe fencing attacks reflect their actual information pickup by comparing these results with others gained with temporal and spatial occlusion and cuing techniques. Fifteen top-ranking expert fencers, 15 advanced fencers, and 32 sport students predicted the target region of 405 fencing attacks on a computer monitor. Results of eye movement recordings showed a stronger foveal fixation on the opponent's trunk and weapon in the two fencer groups. Top-ranking expert fencers fixated particularly on the upper trunk. This matched their performance decrements in the spatial occlusion condition. However, when the upper trunk was occluded, participants also shifted eye movements to neighboring body regions. Adding cues to the video material had no positive effects on prediction performance. We conclude that gaze behavior does not necessarily represent information pickup, but that studies applying the spatial occlusion paradigm should also register eye movements to avoid underestimating the information contributed by occluded regions.
本研究通过将运动员观察击剑攻击时的眼动结果与通过时间和空间遮挡及提示技术获得的其他结果进行比较，来检验这些结果是否反映了他们实际获取的信息。15名顶级专家级击剑运动员、15名高级击剑运动员和32名体育专业学生在电脑显示器上预测了405次击剑攻击的目标区域。眼动记录结果显示，两个击剑运动员组对对手的躯干和武器有更强的中央凹注视。顶级专家级击剑运动员尤其注视上躯干。这与他们在空间遮挡条件下的表现下降相匹配。然而，当上躯干被遮挡时，参与者也会将眼动转移到相邻的身体区域。给视频材料添加提示对预测表现没有积极影响。我们得出结论，注视行为不一定代表信息获取，但应用空间遮挡范式的研究也应该记录眼动，以避免低估被遮挡区域所贡献的信息。
