Pavlovski Daniel, Dikken Jeroen, Ollogu Elisabeta Bajrami, van Hoof Joost
Mother Teresa University - Skopje, Faculty of Social Science, Skopje, Macedonia.
Research Group of Urban Ageing, Faculty of Social Work & Education, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521, EN Den Haag, the Netherlands.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 27;10(9):e30372. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30372. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Hundreds of cities and communities in the world have joined the WHO's Global Network for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities since 2010. In order to do quantitative assessments of the age-friendliness of cities, the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire (AFCCQ) was developed for the Dutch municipality of The Hague. The purpose of this study was first to translate and test the validity and reliability of the AFCCQ for use in North Macedonia and second to explore perceptions on age-friendliness of the bicultural and bilingual City of Skopje. The AFCCQ proved valid for use in North Macedonia. Overall, older adults in Skopje experience the age-friendliness of the city as neutral (in seven out of nine domains). The best score ("slightly satisfied") was found in the domain of Housing domain, which was rated positive in all ten municipalities. The lowest total score ("slightly dissatisfied") was found in the domain of Outdoor spaces and buildings scoring, which received negative scores in eight out ten municipalities. In five out of nine domains differences were observed between the Albanian and Macedonian communities. The Albanian sample has slightly higher scores in two domains: 1) Housing and 2) Civic Participation and Employment, while the Macedonian sample scored higher in three domains: 1) Communication and Information; 2) Outdoor Spaces and Buildings and 3) Transportation. A hierarchical cluster analysis further revealed the presence of six distinct age-friendly typologies that can be used for a better understanding of subpopulations in the city and draft policies and action programs on the city level.
自2010年以来，世界上数百个城市和社区加入了世界卫生组织的全球友好型城市和社区网络。为了对城市的友好型程度进行定量评估，荷兰海牙市制定了《友好型城市和社区调查问卷》（AFCCQ）。本研究的目的，一是翻译并测试AFCCQ在北马其顿使用时的有效性和可靠性，二是探究对双语和双文化的斯科普里市友好型程度的看法。AFCCQ在北马其顿被证明是有效的。总体而言，斯科普里的老年人对该市友好型程度的体验为中性（九个领域中的七个）。得分最高（“略感满意”）的是住房领域，在所有十个城市中该领域的评分都是积极的。得分最低（“略感不满”）的是户外空间和建筑领域，在十个城市中有八个城市该领域得分为负。在九个领域中的五个领域，阿尔巴尼亚族和马其顿族社区之间存在差异。阿尔巴尼亚族样本在两个领域得分略高：1）住房；2）公民参与和就业，而马其顿族样本在三个领域得分更高：1）沟通与信息；2）户外空间和建筑；3）交通。层次聚类分析进一步揭示了六种不同的友好型类型的存在，这些类型可用于更好地了解城市中的亚群体，并起草城市层面的政策和行动计划。
