National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2024 Jul 1;37(4):292-300. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000949. Epub 2024 May 6.
This review describes the diagnoses related to problem gaming that are included in ICD-11, published by the WHO in 2022. It summarizes the recent literature on the prevalence of Gaming Disorder, its structure, antecedents and comorbidities, and explores whether the range of diagnoses currently available adequately covers the range of experiences seen with problem gaming.
Overall, between 3 and 6% of the population worldwide are reported to have a gaming disorder as defined by ICD-11 or DSM-5. However, most studies are constrained by methodological issues such as nonrepresentative samples and the use of brief questionnaires to determine prevalence. ICD-11 Gaming Disorder is a psychometrically sound diagnosis. There is no diagnosis that currently captures the experience of harm from gaming, where the requirements for the diagnosis of Gaming Disorder are not reached.
There is evidence in support of the proposed new entity of 'Harmful Gaming', which encompasses mental and physical harm/impairment due to a repeated pattern of gaming, but where requirements for the diagnosis of Gaming Disorder are not met. Such a diagnosis would complete the spectrum of diagnoses available for problem or unhealthy gaming, similar to those for unhealthy substance use, and would provide a framework for a public health approach to reducing the overall harm from unhealthy gaming.
目的综述：本文描述了世界卫生组织（WHO）于 2022 年发布的《国际疾病分类第 11 版》（ICD-11）中包含的与问题性游戏相关的诊断。总结了关于游戏障碍患病率、结构、前因和共病的最新文献，并探讨了当前可用的诊断范围是否充分涵盖了与问题性游戏相关的各种体验。
最新发现：总体而言，全球有 3%至 6%的人口被认为患有 ICD-11 或 DSM-5 定义的游戏障碍。然而，大多数研究受到方法学问题的限制，例如代表性不足的样本和使用简短问卷来确定患病率。ICD-11 游戏障碍是一种具有良好心理测量学特性的诊断。目前还没有一个诊断能够捕捉到因游戏而产生的伤害体验，而这种体验不符合游戏障碍的诊断要求。
总结：有证据支持“有害游戏”这一新实体的提出，它包含了由于重复游戏模式而导致的精神和身体伤害/障碍，但不符合游戏障碍的诊断要求。这样的诊断将完善问题或不健康游戏的诊断范围，类似于对不健康物质使用的诊断，并为减少不健康游戏带来的整体危害提供一个公共卫生方法的框架。
