Haghshenas Haghighi Mahmud, Motagh Mahdi
Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam-GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2024 May 10;10(19):eadk3039. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3039.
Intensive groundwater pumping, previously unrecognized in its full extent, is blamed for aquifer degradation and widespread land subsidence in Iran. We use a 100-meter resolution satellite survey from 2014 to 2020 to assess the recent implications of groundwater usage across the country. Results indicate that approximately 56,000 km (3.5%) of the country's area is subject to land subsidence, primarily linked to irrigation; 3000 km of this area experiences subsidence rates greater than 10 cm/year. The central plateau catchment hosts two-thirds of the country's depleting aquifers, with locations sinking at rates higher than 35 cm/year. The results suggest an annual groundwater depletion of 1.7 billion cubic meters (BCM) from confined and semiconfined aquifers, with the long-term inelastic compaction for most aquifers being approximately one order of magnitude larger than their seasonal elastic response. This underscores the permanent loss of aquifers that jeopardizes the sustainability of water resources across Iran.
此前未被充分认识到的大量抽取地下水，被认为是伊朗含水层退化和大面积地面沉降的原因。我们利用2014年至2020年分辨率为100米的卫星调查，来评估该国近期地下水使用的影响。结果表明，该国约56000平方公里（占国土面积的3.5%）的地区出现了地面沉降，主要与灌溉有关；其中3000平方公里的地区沉降速率超过每年10厘米。中部高原集水区承载着该国三分之二正在枯竭的含水层，部分地区沉降速率高于每年35厘米。结果显示，承压含水层和半承压含水层每年的地下水枯竭量为17亿立方米，大多数含水层的长期非弹性压实量比其季节性弹性响应大约高一个数量级。这凸显了含水层的永久性损失，危及伊朗水资源的可持续性。
