Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Am J Prev Med. 2024 Sep;67(3):423-433. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.001. Epub 2024 May 8.
Over 30 million U.S. working adults use tobacco, and tobacco use varies by occupation. Limited information is available on employment characteristics and tobacco use prevalence. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of current tobacco use by employment characteristics and occupation group among U.S. working adults.
This cross-sectional study used 2021 National Health Interview Survey data for currently working adults (n=16,461) analyzed in 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds of tobacco use by employment characteristics and occupation group.
In 2021, 20.0% of working adults used tobacco. Any tobacco use was significantly lower among workers who were offered workplace health insurance (AOR=0.86, 95% CI=0.77-0.97), had paid sick leave (AOR=0.81, 95% CI=0.73-0.91), and government versus private employment (AOR=0.61, 95% CI=0.52-0.70). Any tobacco use was significantly higher among workers who usually worked ≥35 hours per week versus did not usually work ≥35 hours per week (AOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.06-1.39), worked a rotating or "some other" shift versus daytime shift (AOR=1.19, 95% CI=1.02-1.38), experienced schedule instability (AOR=1.17, 95% CI=1.03-1.31), and worked while physically ill in the past 3 months (AOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.11-1.41). Tobacco use by employment characteristics also varied by occupation group.
Current tobacco use varied according to employment characteristics and occupation group. Findings from this study could inform workplace tobacco cessation interventions and policies (e.g., access to paid sick leave or insurance coverage) to better support tobacco cessation and overall worker health.
超过 3000 万美国成年劳动者使用烟草，且烟草使用情况因职业而异。有关就业特点和烟草使用流行率的信息有限。本研究的目的是描述美国成年劳动者中按就业特点和职业群体划分的当前烟草使用流行率。
本横断面研究使用了 2023 年分析的 2021 年全国健康访谈调查数据，纳入了目前在职的成年人（n=16461）。采用多变量逻辑回归来估计按就业特点和职业群体划分的烟草使用的调整比值比。
2021 年，20.0%的成年劳动者使用烟草。与未获得工作场所健康保险（比值比[AOR]=0.86，95%置信区间[CI]=0.77-0.97）、无带薪病假（AOR=0.81，95%CI=0.73-0.91）、政府部门就业（AOR=0.61，95%CI=0.52-0.70）的劳动者相比，任何烟草使用的劳动者比例均显著降低。与通常每周工作≥35 小时相比，不通常每周工作≥35 小时的劳动者（AOR=1.21，95%CI=1.06-1.39）、上轮班或“其他”班次（AOR=1.19，95%CI=1.02-1.38）、经历排班不稳定（AOR=1.17，95%CI=1.03-1.31）以及在过去 3 个月因身体不适而工作的劳动者（AOR=1.25，95%CI=1.11-1.41）中，任何烟草使用的比例均显著升高。按职业群体划分，烟草使用情况也因就业特点而异。
当前的烟草使用情况因就业特点和职业群体而异。本研究结果可为工作场所戒烟干预和政策提供信息（例如，获得带薪病假或保险覆盖），以更好地支持戒烟和整体劳动者健康。
