School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Jun;269(Pt 2):132163. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132163. Epub 2024 May 9.
Antibiotic residue and bacterial resistance induced by antibiotic abuse have seriously threatened food safety and human healthiness. Thus, the development and application of safe, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly antibiotic alternatives are urgently necessary. Apart from antitumor, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota regulation, immunity improvement, and growth promotion activities, polysaccharides also have antibacterial activity, but such activity is relatively low, which cannot satisfy the requirements of food preservation, clinical sterilization, livestock feeding, and agricultural cultivation. Chemical modification not only provides polysaccharides with better antibacterial activity, but also promotes easy operation and large-scale production. Herein, the enhancement of the antibacterial activity of polysaccharides via acetylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, carboxymethylation, selenation, amination, acid graft, and other chemical modifications is reviewed. Meanwhile, a new trend on the application of loading chemically modified polysaccharides into nanostructures is discussed. Furthermore, possible limitations and future recommendations for the development and application of chemically modified polysaccharides with better antibacterial activity are suggested.
抗生素滥用导致的抗生素残留和细菌耐药性严重威胁了食品安全和人类健康。因此，开发和应用安全、高效、环保的抗生素替代品迫在眉睫。除了具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎、调节肠道菌群、提高免疫力和促进生长等活性外，多糖还具有抗菌活性，但这种活性相对较低，无法满足食品保鲜、临床灭菌、畜牧业养殖和农业种植的要求。化学修饰不仅可以提高多糖的抗菌活性，而且还可以促进操作的简便性和大规模生产。本文综述了通过乙酰化、硫酸化、磷酸化、羧甲基化、硒化、胺化、酸接枝等化学修饰来增强多糖的抗菌活性。同时，还讨论了将化学修饰多糖载入纳米结构的应用新趋势。此外，还对开发和应用具有更好抗菌活性的化学修饰多糖的可能局限性和未来建议进行了探讨。
