Guo Qi, Ma Jieyin, Yin Tianjun, Jin Haichuan, Zheng Jiaxiang, Gao Hui
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
Molecules. 2024 May 1;29(9):2098. doi: 10.3390/molecules29092098.
Multiscale nano/micro-structured surfaces with superhydrophobicity are abundantly observed in nature such as lotus leaves, rose petals and butterfly wings, where microstructures typically reinforce mechanical stability, while nanostructures predominantly govern wettability. To emulate such hierarchical structures in nature, various methods have been widely applied in the past few decades to the manufacture of multiscale structures which can be applied to functionalities ranging from anti-icing and water-oil separation to self-cleaning. In this review, we highlight recent advances in nano/micro-structured superhydrophobic surfaces, with particular focus on non-metallic materials as they are widely used in daily life due to their lightweight, abrasion resistance and ease of processing properties. This review is organized into three sections. First, fabrication methods of multiscale hierarchical structures are introduced with their strengths and weaknesses. Second, four main application areas of anti-icing, water-oil separation, anti-fog and self-cleaning are overviewed by assessing how and why multiscale structures need to be incorporated to carry out their performances. Finally, future directions and challenges for nano/micro-structured surfaces are presented.
具有超疏水性的多尺度纳米/微结构表面在自然界中广泛存在，如荷叶、玫瑰花瓣和蝴蝶翅膀，其中微结构通常增强机械稳定性，而纳米结构主要决定润湿性。为了模拟自然界中的这种层次结构，在过去几十年中，各种方法已被广泛应用于制造多尺度结构，这些结构可应用于从防冰、水油分离到自清洁等功能。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了纳米/微结构超疏水表面的最新进展，特别关注非金属材料，因为它们因其轻质、耐磨和易于加工的特性而在日常生活中广泛使用。本综述分为三个部分。首先，介绍了多尺度层次结构的制造方法及其优缺点。其次，通过评估如何以及为何需要纳入多尺度结构以实现其性能，概述了防冰、水油分离、防雾和自清洁四个主要应用领域。最后，提出了纳米/微结构表面的未来方向和挑战。
