Sugumar Tharanya, Shen Guoxin, Smith Jennifer, Zhang Hong
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Apr 29;13(9):1238. doi: 10.3390/plants13091238.
Over the years, the changes in the agriculture industry have been inevitable, considering the need to feed the growing population. As the world population continues to grow, food security has become challenged. Resources such as arable land and freshwater have become scarce due to quick urbanization in developing countries and anthropologic activities; expanding agricultural production areas is not an option. Environmental and climatic factors such as drought, heat, and salt stresses pose serious threats to food production worldwide. Therefore, the need to utilize the remaining arable land and water effectively and efficiently and to maximize the yield to support the increasing food demand has become crucial. It is essential to develop climate-resilient crops that will outperform traditional crops under any abiotic stress conditions such as heat, drought, and salt, as well as these stresses in any combinations. This review provides a glimpse of how plant breeding in agriculture has evolved to overcome the harsh environmental conditions and what the future would be like.
多年来，考虑到养活不断增长的人口的需求，农业产业的变革已不可避免。随着世界人口持续增长，粮食安全面临挑战。由于发展中国家快速的城市化进程和人类活动，耕地和淡水等资源变得稀缺，扩大农业生产面积已无可能。干旱、高温和盐胁迫等环境和气候因素对全球粮食生产构成严重威胁。因此，有效且高效地利用剩余的耕地和水资源，并最大限度提高产量以满足不断增长的粮食需求变得至关重要。培育出在诸如高温、干旱和盐等任何非生物胁迫条件下以及这些胁迫的任意组合下都优于传统作物的抗气候作物至关重要。本综述简要介绍了农业中的植物育种如何演变以克服恶劣的环境条件以及未来的发展趋势。
