Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Lisbon, Portugal.
J Small Anim Pract. 2024 Sep;65(9):667-674. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13739. Epub 2024 May 11.
Concurrent anomalies are often found in nasopharyngeal stenosis and choanal atresia; some seem to be of primary nature, whereas others may be coincidental. This study aimed to report the computed tomography features and related comorbidities of these diseases.
A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed using case and control groups defined according to the presence of signs of upper airway disease and the presence/absence of nasopharyngeal stenosis, respectively. The inclusion criteria were full-head tomography scans and access to clinical records. The exclusion criteria were brachycephalic breed, head trauma and neoplasm. Clinical and computed tomographic findings and relevant comorbidities were recorded.
Forty-three cats were included, 23 cases and 20 controls. The case group was significantly younger, had more paranasal sinus anomalies and never had turbinate lysis, also, had significantly more soft palate anomalies, which was significantly shorter. Nasopharyngeal stenosis varied from membrane appearance to partial or complete adhesion of the soft palate to the nasopharynx, was mainly located in the caudal region of the nasopharynx and was imperforated in approximately half of the cases. Imperforated membranes were significantly thicker in the sagittal plane and were significantly associated with nasal obstruction and soft tissue attenuation of the tympanic bulla. Hiatal hernia and ventricular asymmetry were only encountered in three and two cases, respectively, with nasopharyngeal stenosis.
Computed tomography in cats with nasopharyngeal stenosis can identify concurrent anomalies, can help to differentiate a possible choanal atresia and evaluate the magnitude of its significance.
鼻咽狭窄和后鼻孔闭锁常伴有并发异常；有些似乎是原发性的，而另一些可能是偶然的。本研究旨在报告这些疾病的 CT 特征和相关合并症。
采用病例对照研究，根据上气道疾病的存在和鼻咽狭窄的存在/不存在来定义病例组和对照组。纳入标准为全头颅 CT 扫描和临床记录可获取。排除标准为短头颅、头部外伤和肿瘤。记录临床和 CT 发现及相关合并症。
共纳入 43 只猫，23 例病例和 20 例对照。病例组年龄显著较小，有更多的副鼻窦异常，从未有鼻甲裂解，也有显著更多的软腭异常，显著更短。鼻咽狭窄从膜状外观到软腭的部分或完全与鼻咽粘连不等，主要位于鼻咽的尾部，约一半的病例存在未穿孔。未穿孔的膜在矢状面显著更厚，与鼻阻塞和鼓室鞘软组织衰减显著相关。食管裂孔疝和脑室不对称仅在 3 例和 2 例伴鼻咽狭窄的病例中发现。
猫的鼻咽狭窄 CT 可以识别并发异常，可以帮助区分可能的后鼻孔闭锁，并评估其严重程度。
