École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.
École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Sleep Med Rev. 2024 Jun;75:101931. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101931. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Insomnia and nightmares are both prevalent and debilitating sleep difficulties. The present systematic review aims to document the relationships between insomnia and nightmares in individuals without a concomitant psychopathology. The relationships between insomnia and dreams are also addressed. PsycINFO and Medline were searched for papers published in English or French from 1970 to March 2023. Sixty-seven articles were included for review. Most results support positive relationships between insomnia variables and nightmare variables in individuals with insomnia, individuals with nightmares, the general population, students, children and older adults, and military personnel and veterans. These positive relationships were also apparent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some psychological interventions, such as Imagery Rehearsal Therapy, might be effective in alleviating both nightmares and insomnia symptoms. Regarding the relationships between insomnia and dreams, compared with controls, the dreams of individuals with insomnia are characterized by more negative contents and affects. The results show that insomnia and nightmares are connected and may be mutually aggravating. A model is proposed to explain how insomnia might increase the likelihood of experiencing nightmares, and how nightmares can in turn lead to sleep loss and nonrestorative sleep.
失眠和噩梦都是常见且使人虚弱的睡眠障碍。本系统评价旨在记录无伴随精神病理学个体中失眠和噩梦之间的关系。还探讨了失眠与梦境之间的关系。从 1970 年到 2023 年 3 月，在英文或法文发表的论文中，在 PsycINFO 和 Medline 上搜索了论文。共纳入 67 篇文章进行综述。大多数结果支持失眠个体、噩梦个体、普通人群、学生、儿童和老年人以及军人和退伍军人中失眠变量和噩梦变量之间存在正相关关系。在 COVID-19 大流行背景下，这些正相关关系也很明显。一些心理干预措施，如意象排练疗法，可能对缓解噩梦和失眠症状有效。关于失眠和梦境之间的关系，与对照组相比，失眠者的梦境具有更多的负面内容和影响。结果表明，失眠和噩梦是相互关联的，可能相互加重。提出了一个模型来解释失眠如何增加经历噩梦的可能性，以及噩梦如何反过来导致睡眠不足和非恢复性睡眠。
