Bezuglov Eduard, Semeniuk Nadezhda, Shoshorina Maria, Savin Evgeny, Waśkiewicz Zbigniew, Emanov Anton, Malyakin Georgiy, Telyshev Danila, Morgans Ryland
Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
High Performance Sports Laboratory, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
J Hum Kinet. 2023 Nov 28;92:193-202. doi: 10.5114/jhk/174497. eCollection 2024 Apr.
The prevalence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) was studied among medalists from the World Athletics Championships at U18, U20 and Senior age groups and from the Olympic Games from 2000 to 2022. The specific events examined were the 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500, and 3000/5000 m, the long jump, the triple jump, the high jump and the pole vault. Dates of birth from 1,858 outdoor track and field athletes were analysed and further divided into four groups according to the quartile of birth. The RAE was found to be widespread among athletes of both sexes in U18 and U20 age groups in all examined disciplines. There was no difference between the most successful U18 and U20 athletes (p = 0.52). Among senior athletes of both sexes, this effect was not detected and the number of "late-born" athletes in this age group was higher than athletes born in the first three quarters. The prevalence of the RAE across the four groups of events was found in U18 and U20 age groups. Additionally, within each age group, the difference among events was statistically significant. In most successful track and field athletes, the RAE is only significant in U18 and U20 age groups. In senior athletes, the number of "late-born" athletes is significant while RAE disappears. These data may be considered when assessing the athletic potential of an individual athlete.
本研究调查了2000年至2022年世界田径锦标赛18岁以下、20岁以下和成年组奖牌获得者以及奥运会奖牌获得者中相对年龄效应（RAE）的发生率。所考察的具体项目包括100米、200米、400米、800米、1500米、3000/5000米、跳远、三级跳远、跳高和撑杆跳。分析了1858名室外田径运动员的出生日期，并根据出生四分位数进一步分为四组。结果发现，在所有考察项目中，18岁以下和20岁以下年龄组的男女运动员中RAE普遍存在。最成功的18岁和20岁运动员之间没有差异（p = 0.52）。在成年男女运动员中，未检测到这种效应，该年龄组中“出生较晚”的运动员数量高于前三季度出生的运动员。在18岁和20岁年龄组中发现了四组项目中RAE的发生率。此外，在每个年龄组内，项目之间的差异具有统计学意义。在最成功的田径运动员中，RAE仅在18岁和20岁年龄组中显著。在成年运动员中，“出生较晚”的运动员数量显著，而RAE消失。在评估个体运动员的运动潜力时，可考虑这些数据。
