Bezuglov Eduard, Shoshorina Maria, Emanov Anton, Semenyuk Nadezhda, Shagiakhmetova Larisa, Cherkashin Alexandr, Pirmakhanov Bekzhan, Morgans Ryland
Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia Federation, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
"Smart Recovery" Sports Medicine Clinic LLC, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
Sports (Basel). 2022 Jun 28;10(7):101. doi: 10.3390/sports10070101.
(1) The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of the relative age effect (RAE) in the best young (10 to 15 years old) track and field athletes. (2) Hypothesis: The prevalence of the RAE in the best young track and field athletes of both genders will be evident in all age groups from 10 to 15 years old, which may be associated with the significant relationship between biological maturity, chronological age, and the development of physical qualities. (3) Materials and methods: In total, 1778 athletes volunteered for this study. The sample was based on the results of the best young athletes who participated in the final tournaments of the national competition “Shipovka Yunykh”(“Running spikes for young athletes”), which have been held since 1981. The sample group consisted of male and female athletes classified into specific age groups: 10 to 11 years old (n = 579), 12 to 13 years old (n = 600), and 14 to 15 years old (n = 599). Analysis was performed using Jamovi 1.8.1. The Chi-square test was used to compare the RAE between different groups. (4) Results: A wide distribution of the RAE was revealed both in the general sample and in boys and girls. The percentage of “early-born” athletes was 37.6% while only 12.3% were “late-born” athletes. The difference in the severity of the RAE may reflect the small sample of athletes from the fourth quartile, which was significantly less than the sample of boys from the fourth quartile (p = 0.04, OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02−2.78). The RAE was also evident in all age groups of boys and girls, without any statistically significant differences in the severity (p > 0.05, Chi = 2.135, V = 0.02). In the 14- to 15-year-old male athletes group, the number of early-born compared to late-born athletes peaked. The RAE was most common amongst the most successful track and field athletes. Among the competition medalists during the analyzed time period, more than 50% of athletes were born in the first quarter and no athletes were born in the fourth quarter.
(1) 本研究的目的是调查最优秀的年轻（10至15岁）田径运动员中相对年龄效应（RAE）的普遍性。(2) 假设：在10至15岁的所有年龄组中，男女最优秀的年轻田径运动员中RAE的普遍性都将很明显，这可能与生物成熟度、实足年龄和身体素质发展之间的显著关系有关。(3) 材料与方法：共有1778名运动员自愿参与本研究。样本基于参加自1981年以来举办的全国比赛“Shipovka Yunykh”（“青少年跑鞋”）决赛的最优秀年轻运动员的成绩。样本组由分为特定年龄组的男女运动员组成：10至11岁（n = 579）、12至13岁（n = 600）和14至15岁（n = 599）。使用Jamovi 1.8.1进行分析。卡方检验用于比较不同组之间的RAE。(4) 结果：在总体样本以及男孩和女孩中均发现RAE分布广泛。“早出生”运动员的百分比为37.6%，而“晚出生”运动员仅占12.3%。RAE严重程度的差异可能反映了第四四分位数运动员样本量较小，该样本量明显少于男孩第四四分位数的样本量（p = 0.04，OR 1.68，95% CI 1.02 - 2.78）。RAE在男孩和女孩的所有年龄组中也很明显，严重程度没有任何统计学上的显著差异（p > 0.05，卡方 = 2.135，V = 0.02）。在14至15岁的男性运动员组中，早出生运动员与晚出生运动员的数量相比达到峰值。RAE在最成功的田径运动员中最为常见。在分析时间段内的比赛奖牌获得者中，超过50%的运动员出生在第一季度，没有运动员出生在第四季度。
