Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2024 Sep;22(9):2612-2623. doi: 10.1111/pbi.14373. Epub 2024 May 14.
In plants, growth and defence are controlled by many molecular pathways that are antagonistic to one another. This results in a 'growth-defence trade-off', where plants temporarily reduce growth in response to pests or diseases. Due to this antagonism, genetic variants that improve resistance often reduce growth and vice versa. Therefore, in natural populations, the most disease resistant individuals are often the slowest growing. In crops, slow growth may translate into a yield penalty, but resistance is essential for protecting yield in the presence of disease. Therefore, plant breeders must balance these traits to ensure optimal yield potential and yield stability. In crops, both qualitative and quantitative disease resistance are often linked with genetic variants that cause yield penalties, but this is not always the case. Furthermore, both crop yield and disease resistance are complex traits influenced by many aspects of the plant's physiology, morphology and environment, and the relationship between the molecular growth-defence trade-off and disease resistance-yield antagonism is not well-understood. In this article, we highlight research from the last 2 years on the molecular mechanistic basis of the antagonism between defence and growth. We then discuss the interaction between disease resistance and crop yield from a breeding perspective, outlining the complexity and nuances of this relationship and where research can aid practical methods for simultaneous improvement of yield potential and disease resistance.
在植物中，生长和防御受许多相互拮抗的分子途径控制。这导致了“生长-防御权衡”，植物会暂时减少生长以应对害虫或疾病。由于这种拮抗作用，提高抗性的遗传变异往往会降低生长，反之亦然。因此，在自然种群中，最具抗病性的个体往往生长最慢。在作物中，生长缓慢可能意味着产量降低，但在有疾病的情况下，抗性对于保护产量是必不可少的。因此，植物育种者必须平衡这些性状，以确保最佳的产量潜力和产量稳定性。在作物中，定性和定量的抗病性通常与导致产量降低的遗传变异有关，但情况并非总是如此。此外，作物产量和抗病性都是受植物生理、形态和环境多方面影响的复杂性状，分子生长-防御权衡与抗病性-产量拮抗之间的关系还没有被很好地理解。在本文中，我们重点介绍了过去 2 年中关于防御和生长之间拮抗关系的分子机制基础的研究。然后，我们从育种的角度讨论了抗病性和作物产量之间的相互作用，概述了这种关系的复杂性和细微差别，以及研究如何有助于同时提高产量潜力和抗病性的实际方法。
