Wang Duoduo, Mandal Palash, Rahman Md Sazan, Yang Lirong
Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Front Genome Ed. 2025 Feb 10;7:1537148. doi: 10.3389/fgeed.2025.1537148. eCollection 2025.
Various pathogens severely threaten tomato yield and quality. Advances in understanding plant-pathogen interactions have revealed the intricate roles of resistance (R) and susceptibility (S) genes in determining plant immunity. While R genes provide targeted pathogen resistance, they are often vulnerable to pathogen evolution. Conversely, S genes offer a promising avenue for developing broad-spectrum and durable resistance through targeted gene editing. Recent breakthroughs in CRISPR/Cas-based technologies have revolutionized the manipulation of plant genomes, enabling precise modification of S genes to enhance disease resistance in tomato without compromising growth or quality. However, the utilization of the full potential of this technique is challenging due to the complex plant-pathogen interactions and current technological limitations. This review highlights key advances in using gene editing tools to dissect and engineer tomato S genes for improved immunity. We discuss how S genes influence pathogen entry, immune suppression, and nutrient acquisition, and how their targeted editing has conferred resistance to bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Furthermore, we address the challenges associated with growth-defense trade-offs and propose strategies, such as hormonal pathway modulation and precise regulatory edits, to overcome these limitations. This review underscores the potential of CRISPR-based approaches to transform tomato breeding, paving the way for sustainable production of disease-resistant cultivars amidst escalating global food security challenges.
多种病原体严重威胁番茄的产量和品质。在理解植物与病原体相互作用方面取得的进展揭示了抗性（R）基因和感病性（S）基因在决定植物免疫中的复杂作用。虽然R基因提供针对病原体的抗性，但它们往往易受病原体进化的影响。相反，S基因通过靶向基因编辑为开发广谱和持久抗性提供了一条有前景的途径。基于CRISPR/Cas的技术最近取得的突破彻底改变了植物基因组的操作，能够精确修饰S基因以增强番茄的抗病性，同时不影响其生长或品质。然而，由于复杂的植物与病原体相互作用以及当前的技术限制，充分发挥这项技术的潜力具有挑战性。本综述重点介绍了利用基因编辑工具剖析和改造番茄S基因以提高免疫力方面的关键进展。我们讨论了S基因如何影响病原体的侵入、免疫抑制和养分获取，以及对它们的靶向编辑如何赋予对细菌、真菌和病毒病原体的抗性。此外，我们探讨了与生长-防御权衡相关的挑战，并提出了诸如激素途径调节和精确调控编辑等策略来克服这些限制。本综述强调了基于CRISPR的方法在变革番茄育种方面的潜力，为在全球粮食安全挑战不断升级的情况下可持续生产抗病品种铺平了道路。
