State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Jun;270(Pt 2):132253. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132253. Epub 2024 May 13.
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in energy homeostasis maintenance in response to stress. Nowadays, hyperlipidemia-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver pose significant health challenges. Dietary polysaccharides (DPs) have gained attention for their effective lipid-lowering properties. This review examines the multifaceted mechanisms that DPs employ to lower lipid levels in subjects with hyperlipidemia. DPs could directly inhibit lipid intake and absorption, promote lipid excretion, and regulate key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism pathways, including triglyceride and cholesterol anabolism and catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis. Additionally, DPs indirectly improve lipid homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and alleviating oxidative stress. Moreover, the lipid-lowering mechanisms of particular structural DPs (including β-glucan, pectin, glucomannan, inulin, arabinoxylan, and fucoidan) are summarized. The relationship between the structure and lipid-lowering activity of DPs is also discussed based on current researches. Finally, potential breakthroughs and future directions in the development of DPs in lipid-lowering activity are discussed. The paper could provide a reference for further exploring the mechanism of DPs for lipid regulations and utilizing DPs as lipid-lowering dietary ingredients.
脂质代谢在应对压力时对维持能量稳态起着重要作用。如今，肥胖症、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和脂肪肝等与血脂异常相关的慢性疾病对健康构成了重大挑战。膳食纤维（DPs）因其有效的降血脂特性而受到关注。本综述探讨了 DPs 降低高脂血症患者血脂水平的多种机制。DPs 可以直接抑制脂质的摄入和吸收，促进脂质的排泄，并调节脂质代谢途径中的关键酶，包括甘油三酯和胆固醇的合成和分解、脂肪酸氧化和胆汁酸合成。此外，DPs 通过调节肠道微生物组成和减轻氧化应激来间接改善脂质稳态。此外，还总结了特定结构 DPs（包括β-葡聚糖、果胶、葡甘露聚糖、菊粉、阿拉伯木聚糖和褐藻糖胶）的降血脂机制。还根据目前的研究讨论了 DPs 的结构与降血脂活性之间的关系。最后，讨论了在开发具有降血脂活性的 DPs 方面的潜在突破和未来方向。本文可为进一步探索 DPs 调节脂质的机制以及将 DPs 用作降血脂的膳食成分提供参考。
