Dissipative particle dynamics for coarse-grained models.

We develop a computational method based on Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) that introduces solvent hydrodynamic interactions to coarse-grained models of solutes, such as ions, molecules, or polymers. DPD-solvent (DPDS) is a fully off-lattice method that allows straightforward incorporation of hydrodynamics at desired solvent viscosity, compressibility, and solute diffusivity with any particle-based solute model. Solutes interact with the solvent only through the DPD thermostat, which ensures that the equilibrium properties of the solute system are not affected by the introduction of the DPD solvent, while the thermostat coupling strength sets the desired solute diffusivity. Thus, DPDS can be used as a replacement for traditional molecular dynamics thermostats such as Nosé-Hoover and Langevin. We demonstrate the applicability of DPDS in the case of polymer dynamics and electroosmotic flow through a nanopore. The method should be broadly useful as a means to introduce hydrodynamic interactions to existing coarse-grained models of solutes and soft materials.