Hitachi Kyoto University Laboratory, Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 May 16;19(5):e0301928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301928. eCollection 2024.
Reducing wealth inequality is a global challenge that requires the transformation of the economic systems that produce inequality. The economic system comprises: (1) gifts and reciprocity, (2) power and redistribution, (3) market exchange, and (4) mutual aid without reciprocal obligations. Current inequality stems from a capitalist economy consisting of (2) and (3). To sublimate (1), the human economy, to (4), the concept of a "mixbiotic society" has been proposed in the philosophical realm. In this society, free and diverse individuals mix, recognize their respective "fundamental incapability," and sublimate them into "WE" solidarity. Moreover, the economy must have a moral responsibility as a co-adventurer and consider its vulnerability to risk. This study focuses on two factors of mind perception-moral responsibility and risk vulnerability-and proposes a novel wealth distribution model between the two agents following an econophysical approach, whereas the conventional model dealt with redistribution through taxes and institutions. Three models are developed: a joint-venture model in which profit/losses are distributed based on their factors, a redistribution model in which wealth stocks are redistributed periodically based on their factors in the joint-venture model, and a "WE economy" model in which profit/losses are distributed based on the ratio of each other's factors. A simulation comparison reveals that WE economies are effective in reducing inequality, resilient in normalizing wealth distribution as advantages, and susceptible to free riders as disadvantages. However, this disadvantage can be compensated for by fostering fellowship and using joint ventures. This study presents the effectiveness of moral responsibility and risk vulnerability, complementarity between the WE economy and joint economy, and the direction of the economy in reducing inequality. Future challenges include developing an advanced model based on real economic analysis and economic psychology and promoting its fieldwork for worker coops and platform cooperatives to realize a desirable mixbiotic society.
减少财富不平等是一个全球性挑战，需要对产生不平等的经济系统进行变革。经济系统包括：（1）馈赠和互惠，（2）权力和再分配，（3）市场交换，以及（4）相互援助而无互惠义务。当前的不平等源于由（2）和（3）组成的资本主义经济。为了使（1）升华，即人类经济，向（4）升华，在哲学领域提出了“混生社会”的概念。在这个社会中，自由多样的个体相互混合，认识到各自的“基本无能”，并将其升华成“我们”的团结。此外，经济必须作为共同的冒险家承担道德责任，并考虑其对风险的脆弱性。本研究关注两个心态感知因素——道德责任和风险脆弱性，并通过经济物理学方法提出了一种新颖的两个主体之间的财富分配模型，而传统模型则通过税收和机构处理再分配。开发了三种模型：一种是根据其因素分配损益的合资企业模型，一种是根据合资企业模型中其因素定期重新分配财富存量的再分配模型，以及一种根据彼此因素分配损益的“我们经济”模型。模拟比较表明，在减少不平等方面，“我们经济”是有效的，在使财富分配正常化方面具有优势，在容易出现搭便车方面具有劣势。然而，通过培养友谊和利用合资企业，可以弥补这一劣势。本研究展示了道德责任和风险脆弱性的有效性、“我们经济”与合资经济的互补性，以及经济在减少不平等方面的方向。未来的挑战包括基于真实经济分析和经济心理学开发先进模型，并推动其在工人合作社和平台合作社的实地工作，以实现理想的混生社会。
