Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Brain Cogn. 2024 Aug;178:106168. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106168. Epub 2024 May 15.
Older adults who experience cognitive decline are more likely to have a reduced quality of life. Identifying lifestyle factors that may influence cognitive processing and in turn improve quality of life during older adulthood is an important area of interest. Cognitive function, as measured by the P300 event-related potential (ERP), has been noted to be modified by physical activity; however, no study to date has examined relationships between this neurophysiological measure and physical activity and sedentary time in older adults. Furthermore, there is a gap in understanding as to whether physical activity and sedentary time assessed using self-reported and accelerometer-based methods similarly relate to the P300. This study aimed to assess the P300 during a Go/No-Go task in relation to self-reported and accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time in a community sample of 75 older adults. Results indicated that participants engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had larger P300 amplitudes across self-reported and accelerometer-based measurements; however, no relationships between sedentary time and P300 amplitude were observed. Notably, accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity explained P300 amplitudes over and above self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity-an effect that remained significant even after accounting for age. Although these results highlight the importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in relation to cognitive function, as measured via the P300 in older adults, a secondary analysis indicated that engaging in lifestyle activity may have similar effects on the P300 as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In sum, the present study highlights the role of habitual engagement in physical activity as a possible means for supporting cognitive function during the aging process.
认知能力下降的老年人更有可能生活质量下降。确定可能影响认知加工并进而改善老年期生活质量的生活方式因素是一个重要的研究领域。通过事件相关电位（ERP）中的 P300 来衡量的认知功能已经被注意到可以通过体育活动来改变；然而，迄今为止，尚无研究检查这种神经生理测量与老年人的体育活动和久坐时间之间的关系。此外，人们对于使用自我报告和基于加速度计的方法评估的体育活动和久坐时间是否与 P300 具有相似的关系还存在理解上的差距。本研究旨在评估在社区样本的 75 名老年人中进行 Go/No-Go 任务时，与自我报告和基于加速度计的体育活动和久坐时间相关的 P300。结果表明，进行更多中等至剧烈强度体育活动的参与者在自我报告和基于加速度计的测量中 P300 幅度更大；然而，未观察到久坐时间与 P300 幅度之间的关系。值得注意的是，基于加速度计的中等至剧烈强度体育活动解释了 P300 幅度，超过了自我报告的中等至剧烈强度体育活动——即使考虑到年龄，这种影响仍然显著。尽管这些结果强调了与认知功能相关的中等至剧烈强度体育活动的重要性，正如老年人的 P300 所测量的那样，但二次分析表明，从事生活方式活动可能对 P300 产生与中等至剧烈强度体育活动类似的影响。总之，本研究强调了习惯性参与体育活动作为支持衰老过程中认知功能的一种可能手段的作用。
