Shi Zhenting, Yang Limin, Yang Meiling, Li Kexin, Yang Li, Han Mei
Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 May 2;15:1402921. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1402921. eCollection 2024.
Alterations in the microbial community significantly impact the yield and quality of ginseng. Yet, the dynamics of microbial community shifts within the root endophytes of ginseng across varying cultivation periods remain inadequately understood. This study zeroes in on the microbial community variations within the xylem (M), phloem (R), and fibrous roots (X) of ginseng during the fourth (F4) and fifth (F5) years of cultivation, aiming to bridge this research gap. We assessed soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and nine individual saponins, complemented by high-throughput sequencing techniques (16S rDNA and ITS) to determine their profiles. The results showed that cultivation years mainly affected the microbial diversity of endophytic bacteria in ginseng fibrous roots compartment: the ASVs number and α-diversity Chao1 index of bacteria and fungi in F5X compartment with higher cultivation years were significantly higher than those in F4X compartment with lower cultivation years. It is speculated that the changes of fibrous roots bacterial groups may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolic pathway. Such as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism D-glutamine, cysteine and methionine metabolism regulation. The dominant bacteria in ginseng root are Proteobacteria (relative abundance 52.07-80.35%), Cyanobacteria (1.97-42.52%) and Bacteroidota (1.11-5.08%). Firmicutes (1.28-3.76%). There were two dominant phyla: Ascomycota (60.10-93.71%) and Basidiomycota (2.25-30.57%). Endophytic fungi were more closely related to soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. AN, TK, OP, SWC and EC were the main driving factors of endophytic flora of ginseng root. decreased with the increase of cultivation years, and the decrease was more significant in phloem (F4R: 33.36%, F5R: 16.48%). The relative abundance of and in each ecological niche increased with the increase of cultivation years. The relative abundance of and in F5X increased by 8.35 and 9.29 times, respectively, and in F5M increased by 5.57 times. We found a variety of potential beneficial bacteria and pathogen antagonists related to ginseng biomass and saponins, such as , , and , which have good potential for practical application and development.
微生物群落的变化显著影响人参的产量和品质。然而，人参根内生菌在不同栽培时期内微生物群落变化的动态仍未得到充分了解。本研究聚焦于人参在栽培第四年（F4）和第五年（F5）期间木质部（M）、韧皮部（R）和须根（X）内的微生物群落变化，旨在填补这一研究空白。我们评估了土壤理化性质、酶活性和九种单体皂苷，并辅以高通量测序技术（16S rDNA和ITS）来确定它们的图谱。结果表明，栽培年份主要影响人参须根区内生细菌的微生物多样性：栽培年份较高的F5X区细菌和真菌的ASV数量及α多样性Chao1指数显著高于栽培年份较低的F4X区。推测须根细菌群的变化可能与氨基酸代谢途径的调控有关。如D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢、D-谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢调控。人参根中的优势细菌为变形菌门（相对丰度52.07 - 80.35%）、蓝细菌门（1.97 - 42.52%）和拟杆菌门（1.11 - 5.08%）、厚壁菌门（1.28 - 3.76%）。有两个优势菌门：子囊菌门（60.10 - 93.71%）和担子菌门（2.25 - 30.57%）。内生真菌与土壤理化性质和酶活性的关系更为密切。碱解氮、全钾、有效磷、土壤含水量和电导率是人参根内生菌群的主要驱动因素。随着栽培年份的增加而降低，在韧皮部下降更为显著（F4R：33.36%，F5R：16.48%）。各生态位中[具体物质1]和[具体物质2]的相对丰度随栽培年份的增加而增加。F5X中[具体物质1]和[具体物质2]的相对丰度分别增加了8.35倍和9.29倍，F5M中[具体物质3]增加了5.57倍。我们发现了多种与人参生物量和皂苷相关的潜在有益细菌和病原菌拮抗剂，如[具体细菌1]、[具体细菌2]、[具体细菌3]和[具体细菌4]，它们具有良好的实际应用和开发潜力。
