College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P.R. China.
Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an 710043, P.R. China.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 28;32(4):419-429. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02003.
American ginseng ( L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated in China, Korea, the United States, and Japan due to its multifunctional properties. In northwest China, transplanting after 2-3 years has become the main mode of artificial cultivation of American ginseng. However, the effects of the cultivation process on the chemical properties of the soil and bacterial community remain poorly understood. Hence, in the present study, high-throughput sequencing and soil chemical analyses were applied to investigate the differences between bacterial communities and nutrition driver factors in the soil during the cultivation of American ginseng. The responses of soil nutrition in different ecological niches were also determined with the results indicating that the cultivation of American ginseng significantly increased the soluble nutrients in the soil. Moreover, the bacterial diversity fluctuated with cultivation years, and 4-year-old ginseng roots had low bacterial diversity and evenness. In the first two years of cultivation, the bacterial community was more sensitive to soil nutrition compared to the last two years. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community regardless of the cultivation year and ecological niche. With the increase of cultivation years, the assembly of bacterial communities changed from stochastic to deterministic processes. The high abundance of , , and enriched in 4-years-old ginseng roots was mainly associated with variations in the available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and organic matter (OM).
西洋参（ Panax quinquefolius ）是一种多年生草本植物，由于其多功能特性，在中国、韩国、美国和日本广泛种植。在中国西北地区，移栽后 2-3 年已成为西洋参人工栽培的主要模式。然而，栽培过程对土壤化学性质和细菌群落的影响仍知之甚少。因此，本研究采用高通量测序和土壤化学分析方法，研究西洋参栽培过程中土壤细菌群落和养分驱动因子的差异。还确定了不同生态位土壤养分的响应，结果表明西洋参的栽培显著增加了土壤中的可溶性养分。此外，细菌多样性随栽培年限而波动，4 年生西洋参根的细菌多样性和均匀度较低。在前两年的栽培中，细菌群落对土壤养分比后两年更为敏感。无论栽培年限和生态位如何，变形菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门都是细菌群落的主要优势门。随着栽培年限的增加，细菌群落的组装从随机过程向确定性过程转变。高丰度的 、 和 在 4 年生西洋参根中富集，主要与有效钾（AK）、总磷（TP）、总钾（TK）和有机质（OM）的变化有关。
