Mustafa Muhammad S, Mohammad Nian N, Radha Fuad H, Kayani Kawan F, Ghareeb Hewa O, Mohammed Sewara J
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region Iraq.
RSC Adv. 2024 May 17;14(23):16045-16055. doi: 10.1039/d4ra01094a. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Recently, there has been a high demand for green procedures in analytical chemistry, particularly those utilizing eco-friendly solvents. In this context, three feasible derivative UV spectrophotometric methods namely, derivative ratio-zero crossing spectra (DRZCS), double divisor ratio spectra (DDRS), and successive derivative subtraction coupled with constant multiplication (SDS-CM) were developed to quantify a ternary mixture of phenol (P), 2-aminophenol (2-AP), and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in real water samples simultaneously, using ethanol as a solvent. The established methods demonstrated a good linear range, covering 2-60 μg mL for P and 2-50 μg mL for 2-AP and 4-AP, in all approaches with a high correlation coefficient ( ≥ 0.9995). In compliance with ICH guidelines, the methods exhibited acceptable precision and accuracy, as indicated by good spike recovery with low relative standard deviations. The eco-friendliness of the UV spectrophotometric approach was assessed using analytical eco-scale (AES), analytical greenness (AGREE), and analytical greenness metrics for sample preparation (AGREEprep). These evaluations confirmed the eco-friendliness of the proposed methods in terms of solvents, energy consumption, and waste generation. The proposed procedure proved to be efficient in quantifying each component in laboratory-synthesized mixtures and real water samples, thanks to its simplicity, accuracy, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness.
最近，分析化学领域对绿色分析方法的需求很高，特别是那些使用环保型溶剂的方法。在此背景下，开发了三种可行的导数紫外分光光度法，即导数零交叉光谱法（DRZCS）、双除数比光谱法（DDRS）和连续导数减法结合常数乘法法（SDS-CM），以同时定量实际水样中苯酚（P）、2-氨基苯酚（2-AP）和4-氨基苯酚（4-AP）的三元混合物，使用乙醇作为溶剂。所建立的方法在所有方法中均显示出良好的线性范围，P的线性范围为2-60 μg/mL，2-AP和4-AP的线性范围为2-50 μg/mL，相关系数高（≥0.9995）。根据ICH指南，这些方法表现出可接受的精密度和准确度，加标回收率良好，相对标准偏差低。使用分析生态尺度（AES）、分析绿色度（AGREE）和样品制备的分析绿色度指标（AGREEprep）评估了紫外分光光度法的生态友好性。这些评估证实了所提出方法在溶剂、能源消耗和废物产生方面的生态友好性。所提出的方法因其简单、准确、灵敏和成本效益高，在定量实验室合成混合物和实际水样中的每种成分方面被证明是有效的。
