School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen, China.
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 20;14(1):11464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62295-6.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution raises the risk of deaths and morbidity worldwide. From 1990 to 2019, we observed the epidemiological trends and age-period-cohort effects on the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) burden attributable to ambient air pollution across Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). The number of CVD deaths related to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution increased nearly fivefold in China [5.0% (95% CI 4.7, 5.2)] and India [5.7% (95% CI 5.1, 6.3)] during the study period. The age-standardized CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to ambient PM pollution significantly increased in India and China but decreased in Brazil and Russia. Due to air pollution, the relative risk (RR) of premature CVD mortality (< 70 years) was higher in Russia [RR 12.6 (95% CI 8.7, 17.30)] and India [RR 9.2 (95% CI 7.6, 11.20)]. A higher period risk (2015-2019) for CVD deaths was found in India [RR 1.4 (95% CI 1.4, 1.4)] followed by South Africa [RR 1.3 (95% CI 1.3, 1.3)]. Across the BRICS countries, the RR of CVD mortality markedly decreased from the old birth cohort to young birth cohorts. In conclusion, China and India showed an increasing trend of CVD mortality and morbidity due to ambient PM pollution and higher risk of premature CVD deaths were observed in Russia and India.
长期暴露于环境空气污染会增加全球范围内的死亡和发病风险。1990 年至 2019 年，我们观察到巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非（金砖国家）心血管疾病（CVD）负担归因于环境空气污染的流行病学趋势和年龄-时期-队列效应。与环境颗粒物（PM）污染相关的 CVD 死亡人数在中国增加了近五倍[5.0%（95%CI 4.7，5.2）]，在印度增加了[5.7%（95%CI 5.1，6.3）]。在研究期间，由于环境 PM 污染导致的标准化 CVD 死亡人数和残疾调整生命年（DALY）在印度和中国显著增加，但在巴西和俄罗斯有所下降。由于空气污染，俄罗斯[RR 12.6（95%CI 8.7，17.30）]和印度[RR 9.2（95%CI 7.6，11.20）]过早 CVD 死亡率（<70 岁）的相对风险较高。印度发现了更高的时期风险（2015-2019 年），CVD 死亡的 RR [RR 1.4（95%CI 1.4，1.4)]，其次是南非[RR 1.3（95%CI 1.3，1.3)]。在金砖国家中，CVD 死亡率的 RR 从老年出生队列到年轻出生队列明显下降。总之，中国和印度由于环境 PM 污染导致 CVD 死亡率和发病率呈上升趋势，俄罗斯和印度的过早 CVD 死亡风险较高。
