南非开普敦短期 PM、NO 和 SO 对心肺疾病住院的联合影响。

Short-Term Joint Effects of PM, NO and SO on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa.

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 3;19(1):495. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010495.

BACKGROUND/AIM: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa.

METHODS

Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM, NO, and SO up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season.

RESULTS

The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM, NO, and SO at lag 0-1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5-3.2%), 2.3% (0.6-4%), and 1.1% (-0.2-2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6-3.5%), 1% (-0.8-2.8%), and -0.3% (-1.6-1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m for PM, 7.3 µg/m for NO, and 3.6 µg/m for SO. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM and NO for children were 2% (0.2-3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7-5.6%), respectively.

CONCLUSION

We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM and NO concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.

背景/目的：在撒哈拉以南非洲，很少有研究调查医院入院与环境空气污染之间的短期关联。因此，本研究探讨了南非开普敦多种空气污染物与医院入院之间的关联。

方法

广义加性拟泊松模型在分布式滞后线性建模框架内使用，以估计 PM、NO 和 SO 的累积效应，滞后时间长达 21 天。我们进一步进行了多污染物模型，并按年龄组、性别和季节对我们的分析进行了分层。

结果

PM、NO 和 SO 在滞后 0-1 天与呼吸系统疾病（RD）入院相关的总体相对风险（95%置信区间（CI））分别为 1.9%（0.5-3.2%）、2.3%（0.6-4%）和 1.1%（-0.2-2.4%）。对于心血管疾病（CVD），这些值分别为 2.1%（0.6-3.5%）、1%（-0.8-2.8%）和-0.3%（-1.6-1.1%），PM 每增加 12 µg/m3、NO 每增加 7.3 µg/m3和 SO 每增加 3.6 µg/m3。儿童 PM 和 NO 每增加 IQR，RD 的总累积风险分别为 2%（0.2-3.9%）和 3.1%（0.7-5.6%）。