Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 3;19(1):495. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010495.
BACKGROUND/AIM: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa.
Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM, NO, and SO up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season.
The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM, NO, and SO at lag 0-1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5-3.2%), 2.3% (0.6-4%), and 1.1% (-0.2-2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6-3.5%), 1% (-0.8-2.8%), and -0.3% (-1.6-1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m for PM, 7.3 µg/m for NO, and 3.6 µg/m for SO. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM and NO for children were 2% (0.2-3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7-5.6%), respectively.
We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM and NO concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.
背景/目的：在撒哈拉以南非洲，很少有研究调查医院入院与环境空气污染之间的短期关联。因此，本研究探讨了南非开普敦多种空气污染物与医院入院之间的关联。
广义加性拟泊松模型在分布式滞后线性建模框架内使用，以估计 PM、NO 和 SO 的累积效应，滞后时间长达 21 天。我们进一步进行了多污染物模型，并按年龄组、性别和季节对我们的分析进行了分层。
PM、NO 和 SO 在滞后 0-1 天与呼吸系统疾病（RD）入院相关的总体相对风险（95%置信区间（CI））分别为 1.9%（0.5-3.2%）、2.3%（0.6-4%）和 1.1%（-0.2-2.4%）。对于心血管疾病（CVD），这些值分别为 2.1%（0.6-3.5%）、1%（-0.8-2.8%）和-0.3%（-1.6-1.1%），PM 每增加 12 µg/m3、NO 每增加 7.3 µg/m3和 SO 每增加 3.6 µg/m3。儿童 PM 和 NO 每增加 IQR，RD 的总累积风险分别为 2%（0.2-3.9%）和 3.1%（0.7-5.6%）。
我们发现每日呼吸疾病入院与每日 PM 和 NO 浓度之间存在强有力的关联。关联在儿童和温暖季节中最强。
