Zhou Yanyan, Tian Jundong, Han Mengya, Lu Jiqi
School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.
Ecol Evol. 2024 May 20;14(5):e11429. doi: 10.1002/ece3.11429. eCollection 2024 May.
Pleistocene climatic oscillations exerted significant influences on the genetic structure and demography of rhesus macaque () in eastern China. However, the evolutionary history of rhesus macaques in subtropical and temperate China remained unclear and/or controversial. Herein, we analyzed the autosomes, mitochondrial genomes, and Y-chromosomes from 84 individuals of Chinese rhesus macaque. The results revealed that (1) all individuals were clustered into pan-west and pan-east genetic groups, which exhibited Shaanxi Province as the northernmost region of western dispersal route of rhesus macaques in China; (2) in subtropical and temperate China, rhesus macaques were divided into four lineages (TH, DB, HS, and QL), and their divergence times corresponded to the Penultimate Glaciation (300-130 kya) and Last Glaciation (70-10 kya), respectively; (3) the individuals from Mt. Taihangshan (TH) are closely related to individuals from Mt. Dabashan (DB) in the autosomal tree, rather than individuals from Mt. Huangshan (HS) as indicated by the mitogenome tree, which supports the hypothesis that the ancestral rhesus macaques radiated into Mt. Taihangshan from Mt. Huangshan via Mt. Dabashan; and (4) the demographic scenario of the four lineages showed the ancestral rhesus macaques bottleneck and expansion corresponding to the suitable habitat reduction and expansion, which confirmed they had experienced northward recolonization and southward retreat events from Mt. Huangshan area via Northern China Plain to Northernmost China along with Pleistocene glacial cycles. This study provides a new insight into understanding how Pleistocene glaciation has influenced faunal diversity in subtropical and temperate China, especially for those exhibiting differential patterns of sex dispersal.
更新世气候振荡对中国东部猕猴的遗传结构和种群动态产生了重大影响。然而，中国亚热带和温带地区猕猴的进化历史仍不明确和/或存在争议。在此，我们分析了84只中国猕猴个体的常染色体、线粒体基因组和Y染色体。结果表明：（1）所有个体聚类为泛西部和泛东部遗传组，显示陕西省是中国猕猴西部扩散路线的最北区域；（2）在中国亚热带和温带地区，猕猴分为四个谱系（TH、DB、HS和QL），它们的分歧时间分别对应倒数第二次冰期（300 - 130千年前）和末次冰期（70 - 10千年前）；（3）在常染色体树中，来自太行山（TH）的个体与来自大巴山（DB）的个体关系密切，而不是如线粒体基因组树所示与来自黄山（HS）的个体关系密切，这支持了猕猴祖先从黄山经大巴山扩散到太行山的假说；（4）四个谱系的种群动态情况显示，猕猴祖先经历了瓶颈期和扩张，这与适宜栖息地的减少和扩张相对应，证实它们随着更新世冰期循环，从黄山地区经华北平原向北至中国最北部经历了向北重新定居和向南撤退的事件。这项研究为理解更新世冰川作用如何影响中国亚热带和温带地区的动物多样性提供了新的视角，特别是对于那些表现出不同性别扩散模式的动物。
