Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Demography. 2024 Jun 1;61(3):737-767. doi: 10.1215/00703370-11330409.
International migration is increasingly characterized by the need to evade threats to survival. Nevertheless, demographic understandings of how families-rather than individuals alone-decide to migrate or separate in response to threats remain limited. Focusing on the recent humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, we analyze 2012-2016 data on Venezuelans in Venezuela and 2018-2020 data on UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)-registered Venezuelans in nine receiving countries to illuminate the evolution of threats Venezuelans sought to evade, how threat evasion transformed households away from previous norms, the selection of migrants into different receiving countries and household structures, and demographic disparities in migrants' odds of reporting changes to their household because of specific migration-related processes (e.g., leaving someone in Venezuela, leaving someone in another country). Results underscore a simultaneous escalation of economic, safety, and political concerns that informed Venezuelans' increasing intentions to out-migrate. Where Venezuelans migrated and who ended up in their households abroad varied by demographic background and migration experiences. Among UNHCR-registered Venezuelans, 43% left family members in Venezuela, and more than 10% left or were left behind by members in another country. Such household separations, however, were unevenly distributed across factors such as age, gender, and country of reception.
国际移民越来越需要规避生存威胁。然而，对于家庭（而非个人）如何决定迁移或分离以应对威胁，人口学的理解仍然有限。本文聚焦于委内瑞拉近期的人道主义危机，分析了 2012 年至 2016 年委内瑞拉国内委内瑞拉人的数据，以及 2018 年至 2020 年联合国难民署（UNHCR）登记的委内瑞拉人在九个接收国的数据，以阐明委内瑞拉人试图规避的威胁演变，威胁规避如何使家庭偏离以前的规范，移民选择进入不同的接收国和家庭结构，以及移民因特定与移民相关的过程（例如，将某人留在委内瑞拉，将某人留在另一个国家）而报告家庭变化的可能性存在人口差异。研究结果强调了经济、安全和政治问题的同时升级，这些问题影响了委内瑞拉人移民的意愿。委内瑞拉人迁移的地点以及他们在国外的家庭构成因人口背景和移民经历而异。在 UNHCR 登记的委内瑞拉人中，有 43%的人将家庭成员留在了委内瑞拉，超过 10%的人在另一个国家留下或被留下。然而，这种家庭分离在年龄、性别和接收国等因素上分布不均。
