Salas-Wright Christopher P, Pérez-Gómez Augusto, Maldonado-Molina Mildred M, Mejia-Trujillo Juliana, García María Fernanda, Bates Melissa M, Vaughn Michael G, Calderón Ivonne, De Los Santos Veronica G, Brown Eric C, Sanchez Mariana, Andrade Patricia, Schwartz Seth J
School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
Corporación Nuevos Rumbos, Bogotá, Colombia.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2024 Nov 23. doi: 10.1007/s00127-024-02796-x.
Since 2015, ~ 8 million Venezuelans have fled what was once Latin America's most prosperous nation, with many relocating to nearby Colombia and others migrating to the United States (U.S.). Emerging research suggests that migration-related cultural stress is a challenge for Venezuelans and is related to an increased risk of mental health problems. However, it remains uncertain how cultural stress and mental health outcomes manifest over time and across countries.
We use independent sample t-tests to compare survey data from multiple studies of Venezuelan migrants in Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia, and the U.S. State of Florida. Data collected include self-report measures on discrimination, negative context of reception (NCR), and depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening diagnoses, collected from distinct cross-national cohorts in 2017 (N = 638) and 2023-2024 (N = 1241).
Self-reported NCR and discrimination were consistently higher among Venezuelan migrants in Colombia than among Venezuelans in Florida. Levels of cultural stress within countries were variable, with NCR decreasing across years in Florida and discrimination increasing in both Florida and Colombia. Many Venezuelan migrants reported symptoms of mental health problems, with half of the sample in Colombia (54-56%) and two-fifths of the sample in Florida (39-41%) screening positive for depression in 2017 and 2023-2024. Individuals exposed to higher levels of cultural stress were substantially more likely to screen positive for depression and PTSD.
This study is the first to examine cultural stress and mental health among Venezuelan migrants across national contexts and different stages of the still-unfolding international migration crisis.
自2015年以来，约800万委内瑞拉人逃离了这个曾经是拉丁美洲最繁荣的国家，许多人搬迁到了附近的哥伦比亚，还有一些人移民到了美国。新出现的研究表明，与移民相关的文化压力对委内瑞拉人来说是一项挑战，并且与心理健康问题风险增加有关。然而，文化压力和心理健康结果如何随时间推移以及在不同国家表现仍不确定。
我们使用独立样本t检验来比较来自对哥伦比亚波哥大和麦德林以及美国佛罗里达州的委内瑞拉移民的多项研究的调查数据。收集的数据包括关于歧视、负面接纳环境（NCR）以及抑郁和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）筛查诊断的自我报告测量，这些数据是从2017年（N = 638）和2023 - 2024年（N = 1241）不同的跨国队列中收集的。
哥伦比亚的委内瑞拉移民中自我报告的NCR和歧视始终高于佛罗里达州的委内瑞拉人。各国境内的文化压力水平各不相同，佛罗里达州的NCR逐年下降，而佛罗里达州和哥伦比亚的歧视都在增加。许多委内瑞拉移民报告了心理健康问题的症状，2017年和2023 - 2024年，哥伦比亚样本中有一半（54 - 56%）以及佛罗里达州样本中有五分之二（39 - 41%）的人抑郁筛查呈阳性。暴露于更高水平文化压力的个体抑郁和PTSD筛查呈阳性的可能性要大得多。
本研究首次考察了处于仍在演变的国际移民危机不同阶段且跨越不同国家背景的委内瑞拉移民的文化压力和心理健康状况。
