Li Kankan, Huang Ziqiang, Pang Yinghui, Chen Sijie, Fan Yijing, Yin Menglei, Shi Chengyong
College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 9;20(9):e0331676. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331676. eCollection 2025.
This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution and the influencing factors of 579 cultural heritage sites along the Qin-Shu Ancient Road in Shaanxi Province, employing kernel density estimation, buffer analysis, and geographic detectors. Three key findings emerge: (1) The spatial pattern is characterized by a "line-belt-core" structure, with a belt-like aggregation along the Xi'an-Baoji-Hanzhong axis. Core concentrations are found in Xi'an (181 sites), Hanzhong (159 sites), and Ankang (122 sites), with secondary concentrations in Baoji (72 sites) and Shangluo (36 sites). The spatial distribution of heritage types-such as ancient road relics, traditional villages, historic architecture, cave temples and rock carvings, modern historic sites, and tomb complexes-is influenced by topography and human factors. (2) The spatiotemporal evolution occurs in three stages: "natural selection," "technological breakthrough," and "cultural adaptation." It begins with linear valley distributions during the Prehistoric-Qin-Han period, expands through mountainous regions with plank-road engineering in the Wei-Jin-Sui-Tang period, and shifts towards settlements and tomb complexes from the Song to Qing dynasties, marking a transition from transport corridors to integrated cultural landscapes. (3) Natural factors-such as elevation, precipitation, slope, aspect, and proximity to hydrological networks-are the primary drivers, while anthropogenic factors, including ancient route alignment and regional GDP, have a secondary influence. Significant interactions were observed between elevation and aspect, elevation and precipitation, and between hydrological proximity, aspect, and precipitation. These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidance for heritage conservation planning and the development of regional cultural tourism along the Qin-Shu Ancient Road.
本研究采用核密度估计、缓冲区分析和地理探测器，对陕西省秦蜀古道沿线579处文化遗产地的时空分布及影响因素进行了调查。得出三个关键结论：（1）空间格局呈现“线—带—核”结构，沿西安—宝鸡—汉中轴线呈带状集聚。核心集聚区位于西安（181处）、汉中（159处）和安康（122处），宝鸡（72处）和商洛（36处）为次核心集聚区。古道遗迹、传统村落、历史建筑、石窟寺及石刻、近现代史迹、古墓葬群等遗产类型的空间分布受地形和人文因素影响。（2）时空演变经历“自然选择”“技术突破”“文化适应”三个阶段。史前—秦汉时期呈线性河谷分布，魏晋—隋唐时期通过栈道工程向山区扩展，宋至清时期向聚落和墓葬群转移，标志着从交通廊道向综合文化景观的转变。（3）自然因素如海拔、降水、坡度、坡向和与水文网络的距离是主要驱动因素，而人为因素如古道走向和区域GDP的影响次之。海拔与坡向、海拔与降水、水文距离与坡向和降水之间存在显著交互作用。这些研究结果为秦蜀古道沿线的遗产保护规划和区域文化旅游发展提供了理论见解和实践指导。
